기후조건과 지구성 트레이닝 백혈구, 림프구 NK 세포에 미치는 영향

이한 ( Han Lee ) 숭실대학교 국민생활체육연구소 2001 생활체육연구소논문집 Vol.1 No.-

본 연구는 세 가지의 다른 기후 조건과 지구성 트레이닝이 최대하 운동 시 백혈구와 림프구 및 NK 세포에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 규명하는 것으로서, 18명의 남자 대학생을 대상으로 기후 조건(온도, 상대습도)에 따라 3개 집단으로 나누어 인공기후실 내에서 자전거 에르고미터를 이용하여, 트레이닝을 실시하였다. 또한, 트레이닝 전과 후에 실시한 최대하 운동검사 시 안정시, 운동직후, 회복기 60분에 전완 정맥에서 6mℓ씩 채혈을 실시하여 백혈구, 림프구, NK 세포의 변화를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 백혈구 수의 집단간 차이는 유의하지 않았으나. 모든 집단에서 운동 직후와 회복기에 트레이닝 후 현저히 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 림프구 수도 집단간 차이는 유의하지 않았다. 최대하 운동 검사 시 트레이닝 전에는 세 집단 모두 안정시보다 회북기60분에 감소하였으나, 트레이닝 후에는 저온군은 약간 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 트레이닝 후 안정시와 운동 직후 때의 NK 세포 수는 트레이닝 전에 비해 감소하였으나, 회북기 60분 때에는 트레이닝 후에 증가하였다. 특히, 고온군은 회복기60분 때에 트레이닝 전보다 후에 유의한 증가를 보였다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of three different climatic conditions and endurance training on leukocytes, lymphocytes and NK cell by submaximal exercise. 18 male subjects were separated 3 groups based on climatic conditions (temperature·relative humidity). Each group was trained using bicycle ergometer in an chamber. The changes of leukocytes, lymphocytes and NK cell are measured by submaximal exercise test at rest, post-exercise and recovery 60 minute in pre and post-training periods. After the post-exercise and 60 minute recovery, the leukocytes count of all three groups significantly decreased more in post-training than in pre-training. There were no significant differences observed among three groups on the lymphocytes count. When submaxitnal exercise test executed in pre-training, the lymphocytes count of all groups decreased after 60 minute recovery than at rest, but the low temperature group showed an increase of a few lymphocytes. The natural killer cell count of rest and post-exercise decreased in post-training than in pre-training, but it increased after 60 minute recovery in post-training. Especially, the high temperature group has shown significant increase at recovery 60 minutes in post-training than in pre-training.

복싱선수의 다차원적 상태불안이 경기력에 미치는 영향

장덕선 ( Duk Sun Chang ) 숭실대학교 국민생활체육연구소 2001 생활체육연구소논문집 Vol.1 No.-

복싱선수의 학교 수준과 연령 현재와 과거 입상경력이 인지적 상태불안, 신체적 상태불안, 상태자신감(CSAI-2)에 미치는 영향과 이들 다차원적 상태불안이 경기력에 어떤 영향을 미치는가를 일반선형모델 분석 통해 다변량분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 학교 수준과 연령집단들에 따른 다차원적 상태불안은 차이가 없었다. 둘째, 다차원적 상태불안에 따른 경기력과의 관계는 신체적 상태불안을 제외하고 인지적 상태불안과 상태 자신감 요인에서 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 인치불안은 4강에 진출한 선수와 8강에 진출한 선수간에서 8강에 진출한 선수들의 인지적 상태불안이 4강 진출선수 보다 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 상태자신감은 4강에 오른 선수들이 8강에 오른 선수보다 높은 자신감을 보였다. 신체적 상태불안은 집단간 유의한 차이는 없었으나 4강에 진출한 선수들이 가장 낮게 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of competitive state anxiety on the performance of boxing athletes. The subjects were 135 athletes who competed in the game as the representatives of each school for the national sports event. The version of Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2(CSAI-2) was applied to the subjects about 30 minutes ago before the game started. General Linear Model analysis was used to investigate the effects of the level of school*age, and present* past performance on cognitive state anxiety, somatic state anxiety, and state confidence. The results were that competitive state anxiety of boxing athletes had no significant difference in the level of school, and also there was no significant difference in the level of age. However, there was significance between competitive state anxiety and present performace. The ability of performance has significant difference in cognitive state anxiety and state confidence. Cognitive state anxiety of athletes who moved only into the quarter-finals showed higher than athletes who move into the semi-finals. State confidence of athletes in the semi-finals showed higher than athletes in the quarter-finals. Somatic state anxiety has no significance among groups, but the anxiety of athletes in the semi-finals was the lowest.

선수들의 상담을 위한 심리기술 프로그램

장덕선 ( Duk Sun Chang ) 숭실대학교 국민생활체육연구소 2002 생활체육연구소논문집 Vol.2 No.-

A seven-phase psychological skills counselling program for performance enhancement and human growth is outlined. The counselling program borrow heavily form model of Boutcher & Rotella(1987) and Thomas(1990). The seven-phase of the program are intake and application, guideline and education of sport counselling, individual and team contact, assessment and interpretation, and actual implementation of psychological skill training, program evaluation.

Tanner Whitehouse2 방법에 의한 남자 중학생의 골격성숙도와 성인신장 추정에 관한 연구

윤형기 ( Hyung Gi Yoon ) 숭실대학교 국민생활체육연구소 2001 생활체육연구소논문집 Vol.1 No.-

본 연구는 우리나라 남자중학생들의 골격성숙도를 TW2방법을 이용하여 골격성숙도에 따른 생물학적 연령과 성인시 신장을 비교 검토하는데 있으며 연구대상은 서울시에 소재한 K중학교 1학년부터 3학년까지 총 394명을 집단무선표집법에 의하여 선정하였고 골격성숙4도를 측정하여 생물학적 연령을 체격요인 등과 비교하고 이를 토대로 성인시 키를 추정한 결과 연령별 골연령 결과는 12세에 13.26세, 13세에 14.43세, 14세에 16.21세, 15세에 17.17세로 물리학적 연령보다 생물학적 연령이 높음을 알 수 있었고 골격성숙도와 체격요인간의 상관관계를 보면 골격성숙접수와 키의 상관계수는 0.72, 몸무게는 0.64, 체지방율은 0.24로 매우 유의한(P<.001) 정상관을 나타냈으며, 골격성숙도별 체격을 비교한 결과는 미숙군, 보통군, 조숙군의 세 그룹간에는 키, 몸무게에서 매우 유의하게(P<.001) 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며 성인시 키의 추정치는 12세가 175.24cm, 13세가 174.78cm, 14세의 성인시 키는 174.05cm, 15세의 성인시 키는 174.39cm로 추정되었다. The aims of this study were to analyze the present state of skeletal maturation and to predict adult height in middle school girls. The sample of the study consisted of a total of 394 middle school gills aged 12-15 years. Body mass was measured with a beam balance accurate to 0.1kg, and stature was taken with a Martin`s anthropometer. Radiographs of the left hand and wrist were taken with an 31 portable(70kVp; 20mA) X-ray unit assembled in a portable apparatus designed and constructed according to the recommendations of Greulich and Pyle(1959). Skeletal age was determined by RUS scores(radius, ulna, and short bones) with TW2 method(Tanner et al., 1983). All skeletal maturity assessments of the samples were made by author. The reliability of the ratings by the study assessor was tested using a random sample of radiographs from 30 Boys aged 12-15 years. The absolute mean difference between first and second assessment was 0.17 years for the RUS(SD=0.27) system and 0,20 years for carpal(SD=0.26) system. Therefore, intra-observer reliability for skeletal age assessments were comparable with results of previous studies(Beunen et al. 1990; Song et al., 1998). Adult height were predicted by means of the Tanner-Whitehouse`s age and sex related regression equations involving three variables of height, chronological age, bone age. All analyses were carried out by the SAS computer programs(SAS Institute, 1988). Skeletal maturity state was estimated by the calculation of 3, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, and 97 percentiles. Comparisons between levels of maturity were applied by means of analysis of variance(ANOVA) and Duncan`s a posteriori tests. The results showed that in the boys, RUS scores increase nearly linearly between 12 and 15 years of age boys. RUS scores in boys varied from 463.98 for 12 years to 881.03 for 15 years. Percentiles based on the RUS scores were largely distributed between 25th and 50th. Bone ages were 13.46 for 12 years, 14.43 for 13 years, 16.21 for 14 years, 17.17 for 15 years. Adult heights were predicted 175.24cm for 12 years, 174.78cm for 13 years, 174.05cm for 14 years, 174.39cm for 15 year.

직장인의 성격 유형과 생활만족도간의 인과관계

문용 ( Yong Mon ),소재석 ( Jae Seok So ) 숭실대학교 국민생활체육연구소 2002 생활체육연구소논문집 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence personality style of middle-aged worker on leisure satisfaction, job satisfaction, and life satisfaction. To more details. The main purpose of this study was to explor the degree of influencing personality style which is dependent, independent, ambivalent, detached one on leisure satisfaction, job satisfaction, and life satisfaction. To achive the purpose of this study same as the upper contents, Subejcts of this study were sampled of total 274 middle-aged worker whose job`s positions are the backbone official, self-supporting person, by the random sampling method in through 5. 15 to 6. 3. 1996. One hand, Statistics of this study were analysis of Multiple regression analysis. The Tools used for purpose of this study were, first, personality measuring tool which was extracted factors based Millon(1981, 1982, 1987b, 1991, 1993)`s personality Model and Karen Hormey(1945)`s tool measured disposition, and second, tool of job-family satisfaction which Higgins(1991b) developed, and third, tool of leisure satisfaction which Beard and Ragheb(1980) developed, and finally, Csilkszentmyhalyi(1975)`s life satisfaction tool, and consisted of Questionarie contending 65 items divided into 4 sections. Based on the precedures and results, the following conclusions were warranted: First, Among Middle-aged worker`s personality style. There was showned in influencing dependent personality one(β=-.124), job satisfaction(β=.332) and leisure satisfaction(β=.112) on leisure satisfaction at the 5% probability level statistically. Second. Among Middle-aged worker`s personality style. There was showned in influencing independent personality one(β=-.308) on job satisfaction at the 5% probability level statistically. Third, Among Middle-aged worker`s personality style. There was showned in influencing independent personality one(β=-.248) on life at the 5% probability level statistically. Forth, In the caused and effected relationship among Personality style, job satisfaction, leisure satisfaction and life satisfaction, perticulary, among personality style. Only dependent one was effected directly on life satisfaction, and also Job and leisure satisfaction effected respectively. On the one hand, There was showned in influnecing indenpendent personality style on job and leisure satisfaction.

컴퓨터 프로그램을 활용한 한,일간 축구경기력 비교 분석

채재성 ( Jae Sung Chae ),심성섭 ( Sung Sub Shim ) 숭실대학교 국민생활체육연구소 2001 생활체육연구소논문집 Vol.1 No.-

본 연구에서는 (주) SoccerDataBank가 개발한 축구경기력분석 컴퓨터 프로그램을 활용하여 2000. 4. 26과 2000. 12. 20에 벌이진 2차례의 한·일간 축구경기 자료를 이용하여 유효 슈팅 수, 공격진영에서의 패스 성공률, 공수패턴, 득점가능지역으로의 연결 패턴, 득점가능지역으로의 볼투입 성공률, 득점가능지역에 불을 투입하여 슈팅으로 연결된 회수를 분석하였다. 분석결과에 따르면 1, 2차 한일전을 합한 유효슈팅 수는 6:11로 일본이 우세하였으며, 공격진영에서의 패스 성공 회수는 1차전에서는 217:248 그리고 2차천에서는 188:356으로 일본측이 모두 앞서있다. 공수패턴은 한국이 일본의 공격을 중앙지역에서 차단하여 좌·우 양측면을 활용하여 공격하는 단순한 공격 루트를 보여주고 있는데 반해 일본은 좌·우측뿐만 아니라 세밀하고 정교한 패스에 의해 미드필드를 장악하고 중앙공격을 시도하는 조직력을 보여주었다. 득점가능지역으로의 연결 패턴은 한국이 후방에서 긴 롱패스에 의해 한번에 득점가능지역으로 연결하는 단순한 패턴을 보이고 있는 반면 일본은 한국진영의 미드필드까지 접근하여 좌·우 양측면과 중앙지역에서 짧고 정교한 패스워크로 연결하는 다양한 패턴을 보여주었다. 따라서 득점가능 지역으로의 불 투입 성공률도 일본이 높을 뿐만 아니라 루트도 다양한 것으로 나타나고 있다. 또한 득점가능지역에 볼을 투입하여 슈팅으로 연결된 회수를 보면 한국은 단 2개 뿐인 반면 일본은 8개나 된다. 이와 같은 분석결과에 따라 우리 나라 축구가 일본 축구에 비해 객관적인 경기력 측면에서 뒤치고 있다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 한국축구의 경기력을 향상시키기 위한 다양한 노력이 요구된다. 무엇보다도 조직적 플레이를 숙달하고 가장 효율적인 선진형 공수패턴을 정착시켜 나가야 하겠다. 특히 골을 결정지을 수 있는 상대측 득점가능지역으로의 접근방법 및 볼 투입 방법을 다양화 하는 전략이 필요하다고 할 수 있다. 또한 일본과의 경기에서는 미드필드를 선점하여 공격할 수 있는 전략이 필요하며 중앙지역에서의 짧은 패스가 위험지역으로 파고드는 루트를 사전에 차단시키는 전술이 필요하다고 하겠다. Presently, the Korean soccer is on the verge of preparing for the 2002 world cup. The purpose of this study was to increase soccer competition ability of Korea. Therefore, this study make the best use of computer program in analysis the Korea·Japan soccer games. From the analysis of this situation, the following conclusions were obtained: Firstly, the number of valid shoting of the Japan is more than the Korea. Secondly, the number of pass in attack area of the Japen is more than Korea. Thirdly, an attack pattern of the Japan have more variety than the Korea. Fourth, an approch methods to opposite area of the Japan have more variety than the Korea. This study focuses on the current problem behind the development of soccer competition ability of the Korea, thus to find an alternative measure in resolving such problems.

생활체육 활동으로서의 수영이 성인여성의 혈압에 미치는 영향

여봉구 ( Bong Ku Yuh ),심성섭 ( Sung Sub Shim ) 숭실대학교 국민생활체육연구소 2002 생활체육연구소논문집 Vol.2 No.-

This study was designed to manifest how regular swimming exercises could affect on the blood pressure in adult women. 1992 women who participated in the Seoul YMCA Swimming Program were recruited as the subjects, and the measurements were taken at the Seoul YMCA Physical Strength Center over 5 months. The subjects were divided into 8 age groups (24-66 yrs) as well as 4 career groups by the years of involvement in the exercise. To find the differences between the groups, one-way ANOVA was employed. And ANCOVA was utilized to examine the effects of the career on the measured variables without considering age factor. Regardless of age, the subject`s swimming career had no effects on their systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

스포츠 조직 여성 구성원의 성역할 정체감과 조직만족도의 관계

김우성 ( Woo Sung ) 숭실대학교 국민생활체육연구소 2001 생활체육연구소논문집 Vol.1 No.-

본 연구는 상업 스포츠 소직에서 근무하고 있는 여성 구성원의 성역할 정체감과 조직만족도의 관계를 규명하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서는 서울특별시에 위치한 상업 스포츠 조직에서 근무하고 있는 여성 구성원 352명을 대상으로 하여 성역할 정체감 유형과 조직만족도의 관계에 대하여 고찰하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 질문지는 김영희(1988)가 사용한 성역할 정체감 검사치, 김병석(1991), 김우택(1992)의 연구에서 사용한 조직만족도 관련 문항을 기초로 하여 연구를 수행하였다. 자료 분석을 위하여 사용한 통계분석기법은 중다회귀분석이었다. 본 연구에서는 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 상업 스포츠 조직에서 근무하는 여성 구성원의 성역할 정체감은 조직만족도에 유의한 영향을 미친다. 즉 남성성과 양성성 정체감은 직무만족과 조직몰입에 대한 영향력이 크며, 여성성과 미분화형 정체감은 이직성향에 대한 영향력이 크다. The purpose of this study was to verity the relationship between female employee`s sex-role identity and the organizational satisfaction in the sport organization. For this purpose, a total of 352 female employees were sampled and analysed who worked at the commercial sport centers which were located in Seoul. The questionnaire method was used to investigate the relationships between sex-role identity and organizational satisfaction. The Korean Sex Role Inventory(KSRI) and organizational effectiveness scale were used to measure the relevant variables. Collected data were analysed by SPSS programs. And the statistical methods for the analysis of the study was multiple regression analysis. The results of this study were summarized as follows: The androgynous and masculine type were the most influencing variables on the job satisfaction and the job commitment. And the feminine and indifferentiation type were the most influencing variables on the retirement.

육상 선수의 영양소섭취상태에 관한 연구

손두옥 ( Du Ok Son ),강형숙 ( Hyung Sook Kang ) 숭실대학교 국민생활체육연구소 2001 생활체육연구소논문집 Vol.1 No.-

본 연구는 유·부산소성 지구력을 필요로 하는 단·장거리 육상선수의 영양소 섭취상태와 체내 혈액성분을 조사, 분석하여 육상선수의 경기력 향상을 위한 과학적인 영양처방의 기초자료를 제공하고자 하는 것으로서, 남자 대학 단거리 선수 13명, 장거리 선수 13명, 총 26명을 선정하였으며, 주당 운동량은 주 5일, 오전 2시간, 오후 3시간의 운동을 실행하였으며, 주 당 운동량은 단거리 선수군은 25~30km, 장거리 선수군은 150~200km정도로 훈련을 실시 하였으며 운동실시 후 단·장거리 육상선수의 영양소 섭취상태와 체내 혈액성분을 조사 분석한 결과는 총 열량 섭취량과 무기질, 비타민, 동물성 단백질, 지질, 칼슘의 섭취비율은 두 그룹 간에 차이가 나타났으며 ICF, ECF, %Fat, Lean Body Mass, T1BC에서도 유의한 차이가 나타났다. Analyses of nutritional intake and blood constituents in the sprinters (SR) and the long distance runners (LR) showed that: 1. ICE was 29.5±2.9ℓ and 25.7±2.4ℓ, and ECF was 13.4±1.4ℓ and 11.6±1.1ℓ for SR and LR, respectively. These were statistically significant between groups. %BF was 15.2±3.0% and 15.9±2.1%, but lean body mass was significantly different as it was 61.7±6.1 kg and 53,7±4,9 kg in SR and LR, respectively. 2. No difference was found in serum Fei++ as it was 125.6±49.6 and 120.62±45.28 μg/dl in SR and LR, respectively. TERC was different between groups as it was 369.5±47.4 and 428.1±79.8 μg/dl, in SR and LR, respectively. RBC was 5.1±0.4 and 5.0±0.2 106/dl, Hb was 15.3±2,0 and 15.4±0.8 g/dl, Hct was 46.7±5.0 and 45.5±2.2 %, MCV was 91.3±4.9 and 90.4±3.1 μm1, MCH was 30.0±2.3 and 30.5±0.9 pg, MCHC was 32.8±1.4 and 33.8±0.6%, %TS was 33.9 and 28.1%, GLU was 125.6±49.6 and 120.62±45.28 mg/dl, and TG was 80.1±9.9 and 73.83±16.7 mg/dl in SR and ER, respectively. These parameters were not statistically different. 3. The average total caloric intake was significantly different between groups as it was 2731.1±863,8 and 3310.0±1148.5 kcal in SR and LR, respectively. Caloric intake per kg was 38.0 and 53.0 kcal, caloric intake by carbohydrate per kg was 5.1 and 7.9 kcal caloric intake by protein per kg was 1.8 and 2.0 kcal, and caloric intake by fat per kg was 1.3 and 1.7 kcal, in SR and LR, respectively. Na was 5317.0±2066.0 and 7590.5±4310.0 mg, K was 2809.0±836.0 and 3715.0±1159.0 mg, Fe was 132±5.9 and 18.2±8.5 mg, and Ca was 34.9±262.9, 997.2±317.2 mg in SR and LR, respectively. These were statistically significant. Vitamin D was 579.9±212.0 and 1109.0±618.4 IU and vitamin B2 was 19.3±9.0 and 1.95±0.8 mg in SR and LR, respectively. These were statistically significant. Vitamin B1 was 1.8±1.5 and 2.0±1.0 mg, niacin was 19.3±9.0 and 22.7±8.7 mg, and vitamin C was 80.7±50.4 and 116.8±61.5 mg in SR and LR, respectively. 4. Proportional intake of animal protein was 56.6 and 56.6%, and animal lipid intake was 53.6 and 55.9% in SR and LR, respectively. Calcium intake from animal source was 63.3 and 61.3%, and iron intake from animal source was 33.6 and 31.5% in SR and LR, respectively. 5. Ratio of total caloric intake relative to the RDA was 109.2% in SR and 131.8% in LR. Sprinters consumed high in protein and phosphorus while LR did in vitamin C and phosphorus.

A Study of Athletes` overtraining: Literature review

( Sei Yi Oh ) 숭실대학교 국민생활체육연구소 2002 생활체육연구소논문집 Vol.2 No.-

본 연구는 운동선수들의 과도한 트레이닝에 대한 문헌연구이다. 많은 운동선수들이 아직도 자신들의 실력향상을 위해 트레이닝을 매일같이 하고 있는데 많은 운동선수들 이 과도한 트레이닝을 경험해 보았다고 한다. 이러한 경험은 운동선수들이 과도한 트레이닝에 대해서 무지하기 때문에 발생하고 많은 시간을 투자해야 정상적인 상태로 돌아갈 수 있기 때문에 선수 자신에게나 팀에 절대적으로 해로운 것이다. 이 연구는 이러한 과도한 트레이닝이 무엇이며, 육체적, 정신적인 증상과 어떻게 과도한 트레이닝을 알아내며, 예방조치하고 치료할 수 있는 방법에 대해서 문헌연구를 하였다. 과도한 트레이닝에서 가장 중요한 것은 선수를 교육시키는 것이며 코치와 트레이너 그리고 팀 상당 의사들은 과도한 트레이닝에 대해서 많은 시간을 선수들을 교육 시키는 데 써야 한다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the term of overtraining. This study explored overtraining syndrome; shirt and long term symptoms; physical indicators; psychological indicators; sign and symptoms; recognition; diagnosis overtraining; prevention overtraining; and treatment overtraining. The literature review of overtraining could help athletes, trainers, psychologist and coaches to understand the danger of overtraining.