Mushin in Martial Arts and Insights from Neuroscience

Loke K. S 국제무예학회 2021 International Journal of Martial Arts Vol.7 No.-

Mushin or no-mind in martial arts is discussed in the well-known writings of Takuan Soho. Some of the common explanations of mushin includes as “flow”, ego-less movement, fluidity, awareness without conscious thoughts, global awareness and so on. But somehow these explanations are not entirely satisfying as they do not explain the paradox in the writings of Soho. We review some results from neuroscience for a possible explanation and that the dorsal and ventral pathway of vision and motion provides a plausible and logical explanation for no-mind.

The Effects of Parent’s Intrinsic Participation Motivation to Children’s Behavioral Change and Decision of Education Continuity in Sports Institutes

Hyunmin Kim,Sungkyun Cho 국제무예학회 2020 International Journal of Martial Arts Vol.6 No.-

In Children are in the stages of development in emotion and decision making, so it is hard for them to make decisions and enroll in sports institutes by themselves. In most cases, decisions on enrollment in private institutions are made by the expectations and supports of parents. Hence, the aim of this study is to explore the influence of the intrinsic participation motivation of parents who are educating their children in private sports institute on their children’s behavioral change and decision of continuing education also, to providing the results as a basic data for vitalization of the sports institutes.For analyses, researchers conducted frequency analysis, EFA, internal consistency analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis by SPSS Windows ver. 23.0. Firstly, the intrinsic participation motivation has significant effect to children’s behavioral change. Secondly, the behavioral change of children has significant effects to the decision of education continuity. Thirdly, the intrinsic participation motivation has significant effect on the decision of education continuity.The research results show the necessities of education program revision for holding current students and getting new student. For instance, the instructors’ qualifications, various education programs and the quality of education environments are must be revised and improved based on “All Care System”. Moreover, it is necessary to seek the ways to satisfy children’s psychological and physical health, joyfulness and sense of accomplishment, and have to accumulate data to show the changes of children to the parents.

Influence of Training Satisfaction on Acculturative Stress and Life Satisfaction: Taekwondo Trainees in the U.S. Army in the Republic of Korea

Dongchan Kim,Sungkyun Cho 국제무예학회 2020 International Journal of Martial Arts Vol.6 No.-

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the capacity of taekwondo as a leisure activity to reduce the acculturative stress of U.S. soldiers stationed in the Republic of Korea (ROK; South Korea) and to improve their working efficiency. An additional, goal was to determine whether taekwondo was an appropriate activity for the Korean head-start program by investigating its effectiveness in minimizing U.S. soldiers’ acculturative stress and maximizing their life satisfaction in South Korea. Methods: To achieve those goals, the researchers surveyed 200 U.S. soldiers while they were stationed in South Korea, using convenience sampling. Among the collected questionnaires, the researchers discarded 23 with unusable or corrupted responses, leaving 177 questionnaires for data analysis. To acquire the results, frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and multi-regression analyses were performed using SPSS ver. 23 and AMOS 21.0. Results: The results indicate that taekwondo training satisfaction is a negative predictor of acculturative stress and a positive predictor of life satisfaction, and that acculturative stress is a negative predictor of life satisfaction. Conclusion: The findings are discussed in light of previous works, along with ways to improve the taekwondo program as a leisure activity to reduce acculturative stress.

Loyalty, Discipline, and Legacy: Exploring Leadership Emergence in a Brazilian Jiu Jitsu Academy

Carlo A. Serrano 국제무예학회 2016 International Journal of Martial Arts Vol.2 No.-

Although leadership emergence is not a new concept, there is a dearth of literature on this topic and so much room for further exploration on the topic. The current research is just beginning to make connections between personality, skill, gender, group-type, cultural context, and leadership emergence in small groups. This paper utilizes qualitative methodologies to explore how leaders emerge within a small martial arts group context. Attention is given to the role of gender and task-framing as they relate to leadership emergence.

The Concept of Relevant Superiority in Combat Conditions

Papakitsos, Evangelos C.,Katsigiannis, Spyridon V. 국제무예학회 2017 International Journal of Martial Arts Vol.3 No.-

The present essay demonstrates the application of the concept of Relevant Superiority in combat conditions. This concept is perceived herein as the choosing criterion of combat principles, as analyzed in a systemic manner. The combat principles are classified in three levels: the Strategic, the Tactical and the Technical one. Within this conceptual framework, it is argued that the attainment of Relevant Superiority is what the fighter quests for.

A Brief Essay about the Traditions of the Occidental Martial Arts

Papakitsos, Evangelos C. 국제무예학회 2017 International Journal of Martial Arts Vol.3 No.-

The Occidental Martial Arts have been constantly used in wars with historical weaponry, from the ancient times until beyond the 2nd World War. The training in the usage of weaponry had been continuously conducted in military campuses and in various communities for “elite” and “folk” martial arts. Direct and indirect evidence indicate that the technical part of the training in the latt er arts had always been rather simple (utilitarian), with emphasis given to the tactical usage of weaponry (conceptual). The relevant practices and concepts of fighting have been preserved in the Christianized Filipino Martial Arts, due to the predominant Spanish military influence, at least in the Portuguese art of Jogo Do Pau, in various European regions and in Sport Fencing. Nevertheless, some scholars believe that the Occidental Martial Arts have a broken line of legacy, mainly because of the lack of fighting manuals prior to the 13th century CE. In this paper, the author argues against this opinion.

Historical Development of Korean Judo through the Life of Kim, Jung-Haeng

Yun-Dae Jung,Hyun-Duck Kim 국제무예학회 2020 International Journal of Martial Arts Vol.6 No.-

This study examines how South Korean physical education has been evolved through the life of a great contributor. Kim, Jung-Haeng made great contributions as both an educator and administrator in modern Korean sports history. The research method chosen to best serve this study was the recorded in-depth interview qualitative in nature. To be more specific, the authors took a closer look at the entire life of a participant through in-depth interviews and participatory observation process to see how his influenced the movement and development of Korean physical education and sports society. From a sports-based anthropological point of view, the authors intended to secure data by mobilizing in-depth interviews and of participating officials and enhance the completion of research based on various media and literary materials. The analysis of this study was based on James P. Spraddley’s (2016) theory using taxonomic analysis and domain analysis to guide the entire research process. Through these procedures, Kim, Jung-Haeng’s life was analyzed regarding two significant facets (i.e., academic circumstances and athletic field/industry). For this study, efforts were made to preserve the records of clubs dedicated to the development of Korean sports. More detailed findings from this in-depth interview are presented throughout this study.

Exploring of Family Taekwondo and Attention Deficit Disorder

Savard, Christopher Michael,Black, Glenda 국제무예학회 2017 International Journal of Martial Arts Vol.3 No.-

Purpose: This study explored the impact of family Taekwondo on the functioning of the family and child with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), who were participating in Taekwondo. Design: A purposive sampling technique with snowballing was employed to help recruit the maximum number of participants from Taekwondo schools in southern Ontario. There was a collective case study design utilized. Method: This study employed semi-structured interviews with the child and parent who were participating in Taekwondo. Results: Data analysis revealed five distinct themes: improved school performance, strengthened family bonds, adoption of Taekwondo culture, perseverance despite challenges, and ADD/ADHD management skills. Practice Implications: The results of this study show that family Taekwondo can be a positive complementary therapy in addition to medical management with a psychiatrist or paediatrician. For nurses who work with families and children with ADHD, family Taekwondo may be a therapy that is considered to help support them. Strong parent-child relationships are paramount in outcomes for success in children with ADD/ADHD. For nurses and educators, a key message from this study is that it is not only the individual affected by ADD/ADHD but also the parents and siblings.

Fa jin and Extraordinary Power Amplification in Chinese Martial Arts

Loke K. S 국제무예학회 2020 International Journal of Martial Arts Vol.6 No.-

We explore the evidence that several animal species are able to utilize elastic power that exceeds several times the capacity of their muscles. These powers are generated from a store and release system like an elastic catapult. Some species utilise an anatomical feature as a catch in the store phase, but vertebrates do not have such anatomical catch. It has been suggested that they can utilise non-anatomical dynamic catches in the storage phase. We suggest that such mechanism implemented in the kua are indeed the source of internal power in Chinese martial arts.

What are Historical European Martial Arts and Historical Fencing and how do they fit in the spectrum of Martial Arts. A scoping review

Sean Wauters 국제무예학회 2023 International Journal of Martial Arts Vol.8 No.-

Introduction: Martial arts and combat sports are a wide spectrum of sports and disciplines. The spectrum can be divided in several clusters, by origin and geography, content (Striking arts, grappling arts, armed arts, armored arts and others), by contact (non, limited, full) and goal (recreative, competitive, self-development, self-defense, etc.) Aim: The aim is to investigate the place of Historical European Martial Arts in the broad spectrum of Martial Arts and how it relates to other martial arts. Methods: A scoping narrative review of martial arts and Historical European Martial Arts. Results and Conclusion: Historical European Martial Arts is defined by its own properties and aspects that are defined by its origin, content, impact forms and goals. They are a cluster of martial systems developed in Europe and can be seen as the European counterpart of many comparable eastern martial arts such as a.o. the Japanese Budo and Chinese Wushu/kung fu with sometimes comparable techniques and with a variety of (often comparable) weapons. They can consist of grappling arts, striking arts, armed arts, armored arts and any combination thereof, depending on the discipline. Comparable to Budo, Wushu or other (Eastern) martial arts, some European martial arts also incorporate Kata-like drills, exercises, and plays. There are different contact forms ranging from non-contact with no protective equipment to full contact sparring and tournaments with a full set of protective equipment. Due to its own properties, it also has a specific injury profile. It deserves its proper place in the spectrum of martial arts and more research in the field of injury prevention is required.