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Trade as the Engine of Growth in Asia : What the Econometric Evidence Reveals
Berg, Hendrik van den 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1996 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.11 No.4
The relationship between international trade and economic growth has been statistically tested in numerous studies. Statistical problems such as omitted variables, simultaneity, measurement errors, and nonstationarity may have been responsible for the "mixed" results of these studies. This paper addresses the shortcomings of previous econometric studies and focuses on the problem of simultaneity by comparing the results of single and simultaneous equations regression models. Modern time series methods are applied to data from ten Asian economies. Either exports or imports, or both, are shown to be related to GDP growth in the majority of Asian countries examined, but not all. The countries for which trade was not related to economic growth were India and Pakistan, two of the most "inward-oriented" economies, according to a World Bank classification of countries' trade orientations. But, the trade-growth connection was statistically confirmed for eight different Asian countries, not just for the "strongly outward-oriented" Asian tigers. This robustness of the trade-growth relationship should be encouraging to those policymakers throughout Asia who are choosing to let international trade play a more prominent role in their economies.(JEL Classification: F14, F43, O53, C3)
Tariffs and Quotas in an Endogenous Policy Model : Are Tariffs Still Better than Quotas?
Berg, Hendrik van den 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1995 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.10 No.1
Conventional models of international trade show that if foreign trade must be restricted, tariffs can accomplish the task at a lower welfare cost than "equivalent" quotas. But both the choice of trade restriction and the level of protection are the result of endogenous economic and political forces. Precisely because welfare effects differ, "equivalent" tariffs and quotas are not "politically-equivalent." Therefore, tariffs and quotas should be compared using an endogenous policy model. Simmulation of the model verifies that prohibiting quotas while permitting tariffs could actually lower welfare, thus bringing into question the generality of policy prescriptions based on conventional trade models.
Creep behaviour of flexible adhesives
van Straalen, Ijsbrand J.,Botter, Erik,van den Berg, Arnold,van Beers, Peter The Society of Adhesion and Interface 2004 접착 및 계면 Vol.5 No.2
Since flexible adhesives are used more and more in structural applications, designers should have a better understanding of its behaviour under various conditions as ultimate load, fatigue load, long-term load and environmental conditions. This paper focuses on long-term load conditions and its effect on flexible adhesives. The creep properties of both PU (PolyUrethane) and SMP (Silyl Modified Polymers) adhesives used for identical applications are considered. To investigate the creep behaviour tests under various conditions were done. The results of those tests are presented and compared. To evaluate these results an empirical method is proposed and discussed. An example illustrates the potential of this method. It is also shown that with use of a probabilistic calibration technique this method results into a simple rule, which can be used to calculate the creep for practical applications. For the studied adhesives, the creep performance of the SMP adhesive is shown to be of the same level or slightly better than of the two PU adhesives. In addition to this empirical method, the principles of a more complex theoretical based method are introduced. The potential of this method is illustrated and future research activities are drawn.
Tariffs and Quotas in an Endogenous Policy Model: Are Tariffs Still Better than Quotas?
( Hendrik Van Den Berg ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 1995 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.10 No.1
Conventional models of international trade show that if foreign trade must be restricted, tariffs can accomplish the task at a lower welfare cost than "equivalent” quotas. But both the choice of trade restriction and the level of protection are the result of endogenous economic and political forces. Precisely because welfare effects differ, "equivalent” tariffs and quotas are not "politically-equivalent.” Therefore, tariffs and quotas should be compared using an endogenous policy model. Simulation of the model verifies that prohibiting quotas while permitting tariffs could actually lower welfare, thus bringing into question the generality of policy prescriptions based on conventional trade models.
René van den Berg,Jenna J. Wildeman,Olvert A. Berkhemer,Rogier V. Immink,Henk A. Marquering,Charles B.L.M. Majoie,Dagmar Verbaan,Ed T. van Bavel 대한신경중재치료의학회 2020 Neurointervention Vol.15 No.3
Purpose: In acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion, collateral vessels provide retrograde supply to the occluded territory. We hypothesized that such collateral flow reduces perfusion of the non-occluded donor region (steal effect).Materials and Methods: Patients with an MCA occlusion with opacification of both ipsi- and contralateral anterior cerebral arteries (ACA) on angiography prior to endovascular treatment were selected. Arteriovenous transit time (AVTT) for both ACA territories was compared for different grades of collateral supply to the MCA territory. In addition, the influence of diabetes and hypertension was analyzed. After successful revascularization, AVTT was re-assessed to determine reversibility.Results: Forty-one patients were analyzed. An AVTT of 8.6 seconds (standard deviation [SD] 2.4 seconds) was seen in the ACA territory of the affected hemisphere in comparison to 6.6 seconds (SD 2.1 seconds) for the contralateral side (P<0.001). A more prolonged (but not significant) AVTT was seen in cases with a higher collateral grade. No difference in AVTT was seen in patients with diabetes or hypertension. After successful MCA revascularization, AVTT delay was 7.4 seconds (SD 2.1 seconds).Conclusion: A cerebral steal effect occurs in patients with an acute MCA occlusion, probably related to augmented flow to the penumbra area.
Trade as the Engine of Growth in Asia: What the Econometric Evidence Reveals
( Hendrik Van Den Berg ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 1996 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.11 No.4
The relationship between international trade and economic growth has been statistically tested in numerous studies. Statistical problems such as omitted variables, simultaneity, measurement errors, and nonstationarity may have been responsible for the “mixed” results of these studies. This paper addresses the shortcomings of previous econometric studies and focuses on the problem of simultaneity by comparing the results of single and simultaneous equations regression models. Modern time series methods are applied to data from ten Asian economies. Either exports or imports, or both, are shown to be related to GDP growth in the majority of Asian countries examined, but not all. The countries for which trade was not related to economic growth were India and Pakistan, two of the most “inward-oriented” economies, according to a World Bank classification of countries` trade orientations. But, the trade-growth connection was statistically confirmed for eight different Asian countries, not just for the “strongly outward-oriented” Asian tigers. This robustness of the trade-growth relationship should be encouraging to those policymakers throughout Asia who are choosing to let international trade play a more prominent role in their economies. (JEL Classification: F14, F43, 053, C3)
Annick Kronenburg,Esther van den Berg,Monique M. van Schooneveld,Kees P. J. Braun,Lionel Calviere,Albert van der Zwan,Catharina J. M. Klijn 대한뇌졸중학회 2018 Journal of stroke Vol.20 No.3
Background and Purpose Patients with moyamoya vasculopathy (MMV) may experience cognitive impairment, but its reported frequency, severity, and nature vary. In a systematic review and metaanalysis, we aimed to assess the presence, severity, and nature of cognitive impairments in children and adults with MMV. Methods We followed the MOOSE guidelines for meta-analysis and systematic reviews of observational studies. We searched Ovid Medline and Embase for studies published between January 1, 1969 and October 4, 2016. Independent reviewers extracted data for mean intelligence quotient (IQ) and standardized z-scores for cognitive tests, and determined percentages of children and adults with cognitive deficits, before and after conservative or surgical treatment. We explored associations between summary measures of study characteristics and cognitive impairments by linear regression analysis. Results We included 17 studies (11 studies reporting on 281 children, six on 153 adults). In children, the median percentage with impaired cognition was 30% (range, 13% to 67%); median IQ was 98 (range, 71 to 107). Median z-score was –0.39 for memory, and –0.43 for processing speed. In adults, the median percentage with impaired cognition was 31% (range, 0% to 69%); median IQ was 95 (range, 94 to 99). Median z-scores of cognitive domains were between –0.9 and –0.4, with multiple domains being affected. We could not identify determinants of cognitive impairment. Conclusions A large proportion of children and adults with MMV have cognitive impairment, with modest to large deficits across various cognitive domains. Further studies should investigate determinants of cognitive deficits and deterioration, and the influence of revascularization treatment on cognitive functioning.