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Chemo-responsive bilayer actuator film: fabrication, characterization and actuator response
Haldorai, Yuvaraj,Shim, Jae-Jin The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY Vol.38 No.6
<P>A chemo-responsive bilayer actuator was fabricated by cross-linking a polysaccharide based highly hydrophilic material with the polyamide-6 (PA-6) substrate. The hydrogel material was prepared by grafting the polyacrylamide (PAAm) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) copolymer onto carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) [poly(AA-<I>co</I>-AAm)-<I>g</I>-CMC]. The successful grafting of the copolymer onto CMC was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The swelling behavior of the poly(AA-<I>co</I>-AAm)-<I>g</I>-CMC hydrogel was examined at a range of pH values and ionic strengths. Fabrication of the bilayer actuator was performed by drop casting a poly(AAm-<I>co</I>-AA)-<I>g</I>-CMC solution onto a PA-6 substrate followed by subsequent cross-linking under ultraviolet radiation. Cross-linking was performed to make the material readily swellable in water but prevent complete dissolution. The actuator response was measured in both water and ethanol.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A bilayer actuator showing fast and stable curling/uncurling motion was prepared by photo-cross-linking poly(AAm-<I>co</I>-AA)-<I>g</I>-CMC onto PA-6. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4nj00014e'> </P>
Haldorai, Yuvaraj,Huh, Yun Suk,Han, Young-Kyu The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 New journal of chemistry Vol.39 No.11
<P>We report a simple, one-pot hydrothermal method for synthesizing tin oxide (SnO<SUB>2</SUB>) nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposites. Transmission electron microscopy images show that flower-like SnO<SUB>2</SUB> architectures are homogeneously dispersed onto the RGO surface. The composite exhibits a maximum specific capacitance of 396 F g<SUP>−1</SUP> (at a current density of 4.5 A g<SUP>−1</SUP>), with a capacitance retention of 92.6% even after 10 000 continuous charge/discharge cycles, which is sevenfold higher than that of pure RGO (55 F g<SUP>−1</SUP>). The high capacitance is attributed to the synergetic effect of SnO<SUB>2</SUB> and RGO. In addition, the composite shows efficient photodegradation of methylene blue under visible light. The enhanced degradation is ascribed to good adsorption and improved separation efficiency of photo-induced electron–hole pairs.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>SnO<SUB>2</SUB>/graphene nanocomposites showed excellent capacitance with a capacitance retention of 92.6% even after 10 000 continuous charge/discharge cycles. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c5nj01442e'> </P>
Fabrication of [60] Fullerene Grafted Polymer: Self-Assembly Behavior in Polar Solvents
Haldorai, Yuvaraj,Islam, Muhammad Naoshad,Shim, Jae-Jin Chemic Publishing Company 2014 Asian Journal of Chemistry Vol.26 No.2
<P>In of this report we prepared anew type of [60] fullerene grafted poly(2-bromomethyl)acrylic acid. First step was the free-radical polymerization of 2-(bromomethyl)acrylic acid Wing 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile. Then:a nucleophilie substitution reaction was performed to substitute the bromine atoms present in the polymer with azide groups Finally the C-60 grafted polymer was prepared by the reaction of azido functionalized polymer with C-60. Results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy indicated that the C-60 was Chemically bonded to the polymer, The aggregation behavior of the resulting polymer in polar solvents was studied by transmission electron microscopy. The resultant polymer retained both electronic property of the C-60 moiety and processability property of the polymer.</P>
Yuvaraj, Haldorai,Shim, Jae-Jin,Lim, Kwon Taek John WileySons, Ltd. 2010 Polymers for advanced technologies Vol.21 No.6
<P>Organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposites composed of conductive polypyrrole (PPy) and surface modified silica (SiO2) were successfully prepared through an in situ chemical oxidative polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)). SiO2 nanoparticles were surface modified using 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) in order to disperse well in the medium. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the SiO2 nanoparticles were encapsulated into the polymer. UV-visible spectra of the diluted colloidal dispersions of PPy/SiO2 hybrid nanocomposites were similar to those of PPy system. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) suggested the strong interaction between PPy and SiO2. Surface characterizations of nanocomposites were described by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The nanocomposites synthesized in scCO2 have been shown to possess higher electrical conductivity and thermal stability. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>