http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Monetary Policy, Inflation and Economic Activity : The Case of Chile
Vittorio Corbo(비또리오 꼬르보) 한국라틴아메리카학회 2005 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.18 No.2
The monetary policy framework being used in Chile has permitted the country to attain and maintain a low and predictable inflation, improve its capacity to accommodate external shocks, and contribute to the creation of a macro environment that is favorable to economic growth. This policy framework, combined with a market-oriented economy and the improved external conditions, permitted a growth rate of 6.1% in 2004, as well as positive prospects for coming years, while significantly reducing output variability.
Clinical Application of 2017 McDonald Diagnostic Criteria for Multiple Sclerosis
Vittorio Mantero,Lucia Abate,Roberto Balgera,Loredana La Mantia,Andrea Salmaggi 대한신경과학회 2018 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.14 No.3
Background and Purpose McDonald criteria for multiple sclerosis diagnosis have been revised over the years, diagnostic procedures have been simplified and earlier diagnosis facilitated. The new 2017 revision introduces other important changes, with a further simplification for the diagnosis. Oligoclonal bands reassume a more relevant role in the workup. Methods We describe 3 typical cases of patients admitted for clinically isolated syndrome and illustrate how the application of the new criteria can change the diagnostic approach with respect to the previous criteria. Results In two of the three cases a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis is now possible. Conclusions The new 2017 Multiple Sclerosis criteria may have an important impact in clinical practice with an earlier treatment to avoid the risk of disease dissemination. Their application requires a careful assessment to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatments.
Off‐axis self‐reference digital holography in the visible and far‐infrared region
Vittorio Bianco,Melania Paturzo,Andrea Finizio,Pietro Ferraro 한국전자통신연구원 2019 ETRI Journal Vol.41 No.1
Recent advances in digital holography in the far‐infrared region of the spectrum have demonstrated the potential use of digital holography in homeland security as a tool to observe hostile environments in which smoke, flames, and dust impair vision. However, to make this application practical, it is necessary to simplify the optical setup. Here, we show an off‐axis, self‐reference scheme that spills the reference beam out from the object beam itself and avoids the need for a complex interferometric arrangement. We demonstrate that this scheme allows the reconstruction of high‐quality holograms of objects captured under visible as well as far‐infrared light exposure. This could pave the way to the industrialization of holographic systems to enable users to see through fire. Moreover, the quantitative nature of the holographic signal is preserved. Thus, the reported results demonstrate the possibility to use this setup for optical metrology.
Impact of Testosterone on Alzheimer’s Disease
Bianchi Vittorio Emanuele 대한남성과학회 2022 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.40 No.2
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease responsible for almost half of all dementia cases in the world and progressively increasing. The etiopathology includes heritability, genetic factors, aging, nutrition, but sex hormones play a relevant role. Animal models demonstrated that testosterone (T) exerted a neuroprotective effect reducing the production of amyloid-beta (Aβ), improving synaptic signaling, and counteracting neuronal death. This study aims to evaluate the impact of T deprivation and T administration in humans on the onset of dementia and AD. A search was conducted on MEDLINE and Scopus for the “androgen deprivation therapy” and “testosterone therapy” with “dementia” and “Alzheimer’s.” Studies lasting twenty years with low risk of bias, randomized clinical trial, and case-controlled studies were considered. Twelve articles on the effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and AD and seventeen on T therapy and AD were retrieved. Men with pros-tate cancer under ADT showed a higher incidence of dementia and AD. The effect of T administration in hypogonadal men with AD and cognitive impairment has evidenced some positive results. The majority of studies showed the T administration improved memory and cognition in AD while others did not find any benefit. Although some biases in the studies are evi-dent, T therapy for AD patients may represent an essential clinical therapy to reduce dementia incidence and AD progression. However, more specific case-controlled trials on the effect of androgens therapy in men and women to reducing the onset of AD are necessary.
Scagliotti, Giorgio Vittorio,Parikh, Purvish,von Pawel, Joachim,Biesma, Bonne,Vansteenkiste, Johan,Manegold, Christian,Serwatowski, Piotr,Gatzemeier, Ulrich,Digumarti, Raghunadharao,Zukin, Mauro,Lee, American Society of Clinical Oncology 2008 Journal of clinical oncology Vol.26 No.21
<B>Purpose</B><P>Cisplatin plus gemcitabine is a standard regimen for first-line treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Phase II studies of pemetrexed plus platinum compounds have also shown activity in this setting.</P><B>Patients and Methods</B><P>This noninferiority, phase III, randomized study compared the overall survival between treatment arms using a fixed margin method (hazard ratio [HR] < 1.176) in 1,725 chemotherapy-naive patients with stage IIIB or IV NSCLC and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 1. Patients received cisplatin 75 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>on day 1 and gemcitabine 1,250 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>on days 1 and 8 (n = 863) or cisplatin 75 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>and pemetrexed 500 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>on day 1 (n = 862) every 3 weeks for up to six cycles.</P><B>Results</B><P>Overall survival for cisplatin/pemetrexed was noninferior to cisplatin/gemcitabine (median survival, 10.3 v 10.3 months, respectively; HR = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.05). Overall survival was statistically superior for cisplatin/pemetrexed versus cisplatin/gemcitabine in patients with adenocarcinoma (n = 847; 12.6 v 10.9 months, respectively) and large-cell carcinoma histology (n = 153; 10.4 v 6.7 months, respectively). In contrast, in patients with squamous cell histology, there was a significant improvement in survival with cisplatin/gemcitabine versus cisplatin/pemetrexed (n = 473; 10.8 v 9.4 months, respectively). For cisplatin/pemetrexed, rates of grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia (P ≤ .001); febrile neutropenia (P = .002); and alopecia (P < .001) were significantly lower, whereas grade 3 or 4 nausea (P = .004) was more common.</P><B>Conclusion</B><P>In advanced NSCLC, cisplatin/pemetrexed provides similar efficacy with better tolerability and more convenient administration than cisplatin/gemcitabine. This is the first prospective phase III study in NSCLC to show survival differences based on histologic type.</P>