DAMNATIO MEMORIAE AND ROMAN IMPERIAL PORTRAITURE. (VOLUMES I-III) (PORTRAITURE)

VARNER, ERIC R Yale University 1993 국내박사

Inside teamwork : an inquiry into the communication and action of self-directed work teams

Varner, Donna Ohio State University 1993 해외박사

A phenomenological study of millennial generation cooperative extension educators' development of core competencies

Varner, David Lee The University of Nebraska - Lincoln 2011 해외박사(DDOD)

This purpose of this qualitative research study was to describe the experiences that contribute to the development of core competencies among Millennial Generation, county-based Extension educators in the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension Division. Fourteen educators were randomly purposefully selected to participate in the study. Participants were born in 1977 or later as determined by Tapscott (2009). Educators' tenure in Cooperative Extension ranged from two months to seven years. Three themes and associated sub-themes emerged from semi-structured interviews: (a) Blindfolded and Scared---educators were confused, overwhelmed and in need of support; (b) Developing the Big Skills: A Daunting Task---focused on discovering competencies and the various modes of learning them; and (c) Doing Something Meaningful: It's Important to Me---Millennials discuss what is important to them in the workplace and beyond. It takes a family of mentors and a community of networks to meet the needs and fully realize the potential of our next generation of Extension educators. The essence of Millennial Extension educators' core competency development journey was about finding pathways to success in the Extension organization, among colleagues and within their communities---it was about relationships.

An exploration of how women probation and parole officers learn to negotiate power and interest in the criminal justice system

Varner, Barbara Eileen The Pennsylvania State University 2010 해외박사(DDOD)

The purpose of this narrative inquiry was to explore the ways women probation and parole officers learn to negotiate power and interests in the criminal justice system. The women are considered officers of the courts and work within the constraints of the court system. The framework that informed this study was a critical feminist lens on the literature on negotiating power and interest within the fields of adult education and criminal justice. Critical feminist theory makes visible the gendered experiences of all women within patriarchal systems as they attempt to challenge systems of power. The women in this study are situated within the constraints of the criminal justice system that is embedded within historical traditions that have been created and dominated by the system of patriarchy and other relations of power that affect human needs and interests. This study made use of a narrative research methodology. The primary means of data collection was in-depth, semi-structured, narrative interviews with eight women probation and parole officers. Data were analyzed following the principles of narrative inquiry. The narratives provided rich, detailed stories filled with life experiences about the ways the women learned to negotiate within the criminal justice system. A cross analysis of the narratives revealed three significant themes. The first notes how the women focused on the clients, and emphasized their caring and connectedness in negotiating for them, even though this also meant being tough when necessary. The second emphasized the importance of the community, and negotiating power and interest by networking and building relationships. The third highlights the fact that they de-emphasize gender in their focus, at the same time that they recognize patriarchal gender dynamics at play in the workplace. Thus they appear to try to reduce the salience of gender in what they say, though it is interesting that they emphasize skills and abilities often associated with women (caring, connectedness, relationship-building as networking) in negotiating power and interest. The conclusion examines what the study contributes to critical feminist theory, the field of adult education, and criminal justice education. It also offers suggestions for further research.

Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of protein palmitoylation

Varner, Amanda Susan The Pennsylvania State University 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

Protein palmitoylation is a post-translational modification in which 16-carbon palmitate groups are attached to cysteine residues of cellular proteins via thioester bonds. This lipid modification is necessary for plasma membrane targeting of several important signaling proteins, including Ras proteins and certain Src-related tyrosine kinases. Although protein palmitoylation is essential for plasma membrane localization and, thus, function of such proteins, the mechanism of protein palmitoylation is unknown since the enzymes responsible for this modification remain unidentified. To study palmitoyl acyl transferase (PAT) activity towards distinct protein substrates, we developed an HPLC-based <italic>in vitro</italic> palmitoylation (IVP) assay with fluorescence detection using two NBD-labeled substrate peptides mimicking either the N-terminal palmitoylation motif of proteins such as Src-related tyrosine kinases or the C-terminal palmitoylation motif of proteins such as H-/N-Ras. Enzymatic palmitoylation of both peptides by PAT was differentially affected by treatment with N-ethylmaleimide and by thermal denaturation. Furthermore, MyrGS(tBu)-OMe, a peptidomimetic of the MyrGCK(NBD) peptide substrate, caused selective inhibition of enzymatic FarnCNRas(NBD) palmitoylation with no inhibitory effect on MyrGCK(NBD) palmitoylation. Overall, these data demonstrate that the enzymatic palmitoylation of farnesyl- or myristoyl-containing substrates can be differentially inhibited under enzymatically challenging conditions. Therefore, differential PAT activities and, perhaps, multiple PAT enzymes exist for the palmitoylation of proteins containing specific palmitoylation motifs. Using the IVP assay, we demonstrated that a synthetic analog of cerulenin, termed 16C, inhibits palmitoylation of proteins with different palmitoylation motifs. Therefore, we used 16C to study the biological consequences of palmitoylation inhibition in intact cells. Both cerulenin and 16C are shown to cause dose-dependent inhibitions of overall protein palmitoylation in NIH/3T3 fibroblasts, which subsequently affects critical signaling pathways and, therefore, cellular function in these cells. Specifically, cerulenin and 16C inhibit signaling through the cell proliferative MAPK and cell survival PI3K pathways. Additionally, cerulenin and 16C induced apoptosis, reduced the fraction of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle, and inhibited fibroblast proliferation in response to fetal bovine serum, bFGF, and PDGF. Therefore, inhibition of protein palmitoylation markedly affects signal transduction through multiple pathways, ultimately resulting in apoptosis, inhibited cell proliferation, and inhibited cell cycle progression.

Assessing the risk of depression and burnout on healthcare professionals who practice family medicine

Varner, Derrick Ferdinand TUI University 2011 해외박사(DDOD)

Withstanding the dynamic and demanding environment of military medicine combined with the paucity of family medicine providers (FMPs) nationwide presents a unique set of stressors to those professionals in the primary care setting. The goal of this research was to investigate the prevalence of depression and/or burnout symptoms among FMPs (e.g., physicians, physician assistants and nurse practitioners) who practice medicine while serving on active duty in the United States Air Force. A cross-sectional study was conducted using anonymous electronic surveys sent to 700+ active duty Air Force FMPs that were credentialed and privileged to practice in their local or deployed military treatment facilities over a 45 day period. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Personal Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ-9) were utilized to assess and measure symptoms. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses and multiple linear regressions (MLR) were employed to investigate significant sociodemographic, family medicine practice and organizational characteristics that may exacerbate burnout and depression symptomatology. In general the PHQ-9 revealed that 84% (126) of FMPs scored positive for some degree of depression symptomatology, 36.7% (55) of FMPs scored minimal depression symptoms and percentages did not differ between FMPs, chi2 (4, N = 150) = 4.747, p = .314. For MBI-Emotional Exhaustion data showed that 40.7% (61) of FMPs scored low for burnout symptoms and 42.7% (64) scored medium and F(1, 148) = .001, p = .975. As for the MBI-Depersonalization 66% (99) of FMPs scored low for burnout with depersonalization symptoms, 26.7% (40) scored medium and F(1, 148) = 1.241, p = .267. And overall FMP MBI-Professional Satisfaction efficacy positively noted that 28% (42) scored medium and the majority of FMPs reported 67.3% (101) scored high mean score was (M = 26.85, SD = 5.79). Conclusion, it appeared that active duty Air Force family medicine physicians and non-physicians are potentially at risk for developing symptomatology of varying degrees of burnout and/or depression at some point in one's career while working in the family medicine environment. It was suggested that FMPs and key stakeholders frequent the topic and dialogue concerning personal and organizational preventative strategies for diminishing or mitigating symptoms.

Microaggressions, Coping Strategies, Mentorship, and Black Female Corporate Leaders: A Phenomenology Study

Varner, Trish Grand Canyon University ProQuest Dissertations & T 2020 해외박사(DDOD)

The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore how mentoring could act as a protective factor to help reduce challenges of racial microaggressions to result in greater corporate success for Black women in the Atlanta, GA area. The theoretical foundation used in this study was the relational model and the Black feminist theory, which focused on relational mentoring to form coping strategies and explored the impact of Black women thought and experiences on mentoring relationships. Two research questions guided the study: How do mentored African American women corporate leaders perceive the influence of racial microaggressions in the workplace? How do mentored African American women corporate leaders perceive mentoring as a protective factor to reduce challenges of racial microaggressions and influence greater corporate success? Convenience and snowball sampling strategies were used to recruit 10 participants. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews and reflective essays. The van Kaam method of analysis of phenomenological data was used to analyze data. Six core themes emerged: (a) Black women leaders can help employees avoid pitfalls; (b) Black women do not want their experiences discounted; (c) family upbringing can affect workplace views; (d) mentorship is key to achieving career success; (e) multidirectional mentorship can be beneficial in building meaningful relationships with Black women; (f) Black women are taught to work harder at an early age. Study findings showed having relatable and positive mentoring relationships, typically from mentors from the same race and gender, can help reduce challenges of racial microaggressions and promote career success.Keywords: racial microaggressions, career progression, mentorship, African American women, phenomenology.

The impact of chronic stress and trauma on psychological and neuropsychological functioning of college students

Smith Varner, Leslie R Indiana University of Pennsylvania 2014 해외박사(DDOD)

Neuropsychological impairments related to explicit memory, working memory, and executive functioning (response inhibition, cognitive flexibility, attention) have been established within the literature as a consequence of exposure to chronic stress or trauma. Increased symptoms of depression, anxiety, perceived stress, posttraumatic stress, and psychosis have also been noted as a function of the cumulative effect of stress and trauma. The current study evaluated the effects of both potentially traumatic and stressful life events upon neuropsychological and psychological functioning using a sample of 129 undergraduate college students. The current study utilized the Life Events Survey, Stressful Life Events Questionnaire, and the Perceived Stress Scale to determine previous exposure to stress and trauma, as well as current levels of stress. The Trail Making Test, Wisconsin Card Sort Test, N-back test, and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test were utilized to measure neuropsychological functioning. To determine levels of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder symptomology, the Beck Depression Inventory, Second Edition, State Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Impact of Event Scale-Revised were administered, respectively. Results indicate that, consistent with past literature, college students experiencing increased traumatic and life stressors had increased symptoms of depression, perceived stress, trait anxiety, and posttraumatic stress. Interpersonal types of trauma were associated with increased psychological difficulties compared to no trauma controls, but non-interpersonal types of trauma were not different from controls. PTSD symptoms were associated with increased perceived stress and trait anxiety, above and beyond trauma exposure alone. Frequency and duration of trauma partially mediated the effect of numbers of events experienced on PTSD symptoms. Neuropsychological functioning, however, did not differ according to the number of traumatic or stressful experiences reported, type of trauma, level of distress, or frequency and duration of trauma. These results may suggest that the neurocognitive functioning of college students may be resilient to the damaging effects of stress and trauma.