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Ahn, Sejin,Choi, Yoo Jeong,Kim, Kyunhwan,Eo, Young-Joo,Cho, Ara,Gwak, Jihye,Yun, Jae Ho,Shin, Keeshik,Ahn, Seoung Kyu,Yoon, Kyunghoon Wiley-VCH 2013 ChemSusChem Vol.6 No.7
<P>CuInSe2 (CISe) absorber layers for thin-film solar cells were fabricated through the selenization of amorphous Cu-In-S nanoparticles, which were prepared by using a low-temperature colloidal process within one minute without any external heating. Two strategies for obtaining highly dense CISe absorber films were used in this work; the first was the modification of nanoparticle surface through chelate complexation with ethanolamine, and the second strategy utilized the lattice expansion that occurred when S atoms in the precursor particles were replaced with Se during selenization. The synergy of these two strategies allowed formation of highly dense CISe thin films, and devices fabricated using the absorber layer demonstrated efficiencies of up to 7.94% under AM 1.5G illumination without an anti-reflection coating.</P>
Ahn, Sejin,Son, Tae Hwa,Cho, Ara,Gwak, Jihye,Yun, Jae Ho,Shin, Keeshik,Ahn, Seoung Kyu,Park, Sang Hyun,Yoon, Kyunghoon Wiley-VCH 2012 CHEM SUS CHEM Vol.5 No.9
<P>A simple direct solution coating process for forming CuInSe??? (CIS) thin films was described, employing a low-cost and environmentally friendly precursor solution. The precursor solution was prepared by mixing metal acetates, ethanol, and ethanolamine. The facile formation of a precursor solution without the need to prefabricate nanoparticles enables a rapid and easy processing, and the high stability of the solution in air further ensures the precursor preparation and the film deposition in ambient conditions without a glove box. The thin film solar cell fabricated with the absorber film prepared by this route showed an initial conversion efficiency of as high as 7.72???%.</P>
TSCOT <sup>+</sup> Thymic Epithelial Cell-Mediated Sensitive CD4 Tolerance by Direct Presentation
Ahn, Sejin,Lee, Gwanghee,Yang, Soo Jung,Lee, Deokjae,Lee, Seunghyuk,Shin, Hyo Sun,Kim, Min Cheol,Lee, Kee Nyung,Palmer, Douglas C,Theoret, Marc R,Jenkinson, Eric J,Anderson, Graham,Restifo, Nicholas P Public Library of Science 2008 PLoS biology Vol.6 No.8
<▼1><P>Although much effort has been directed at dissecting the mechanisms of central tolerance, the role of thymic stromal cells remains elusive. In order to further characterize this event, we developed a mouse model restricting LacZ to thymic stromal cotransporter (TSCOT)-expressing thymic stromal cells (TDLacZ). The thymus of this mouse contains approximately 4,300 TSCOT<SUP>+</SUP> cells, each expressing several thousand molecules of the LacZ antigen. TSCOT<SUP>+</SUP> cells express the cortical marker CDR1, CD40, CD80, CD54, and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII). When examining endogenous responses directed against LacZ, we observed significant tolerance. This was evidenced in a diverse T cell repertoire as measured by both a CD4 T cell proliferation assay and an antigen-specific antibody isotype analysis. This tolerance process was at least partially independent of <I>Autoimmune Regulatory Element</I> gene expression. When TDLacZ mice were crossed to a novel CD4 T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic reactive against LacZ (BgII), there was a complete deletion of double-positive thymocytes. Fetal thymic reaggregate culture of CD45- and UEA-depleted thymic stromal cells from TDLacZ and sorted TCR-bearing thymocytes excluded the possibility of cross presentation by thymic dendritic cells and medullary epithelial cells for the deletion. Overall, these results demonstrate that the introduction of a neoantigen into TSCOT-expressing cells can efficiently establish complete tolerance and suggest a possible application for the deletion of antigen-specific T cells by antigen introduction into TSCOT<SUP>+</SUP> cells.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P><B/></P><P>T cells play critical roles in the immune response. While developing in the thymus (from whence T cells and their precursors, thymocytes, derive their name), thymocytes are selected for the ability to recognize harmful antigen (positive selection), while those that respond to antigens present in their own body are eliminated (negative selection). Dogma holds that the thymus is divided into different functional compartments to ensure that these contrasting selection processes occur efficiently: the cortex is thought to be responsible for positive selection and the medulla for negative selection. In this study, we made use of a novel transgenic mouse (carrying a LacZ marker in a small fraction of cells in the cortex) to test whether the cortex is really excluded from negative selection. We were able to show that the introduced LacZ “antigen” present only in the cortical cells leads them to eliminate any LacZ-reactive T cells from the immune repertoire and leads to tolerance of the LacZ “antigen” by the body's immune system. This process is highly efficient, such that a relatively tiny number of antigen molecules present in a small fraction of the cells in the thymic cortex can singularly perform proofreading of all developing thymocytes.</P></▼2><▼3><P>A new study shows that antigen-specific negative selection of developing thymocytes is a property of thymic cortical epithelial cells, challenging the view that this process requires contact with specialized antigen-presenting cells found in the thymic medulla.</P></▼3>
부모의 심리적 통제와 청소년 우울과의 관계에서 자율성 욕구 좌절과 속박감의 매개효과
안세진 ( Ahn Sejin ) 대한아동복지학회 2021 아동복지연구 Vol.19 No.2
This study aimed to find the mediating effect on the relationship between parental psychological control and adolescent depression. The subjects of this study were 325 middle school students nationwide. To analyze the data, Pearson’s correlations and regression analysis were used with SPSS 21.0. The results were as follows: First, a correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between parents’ psychological control, autonomy need thwarting, entrapment, and adolescent depression. The results established that there were significant positive correlations among all the main variables. Second, the mediating role of autonomy need thwarting on the relationship between parental psychological control and adolescent depression was confirmed. Third, the mediating effect of entrapment on the relationship between parental psychological control and adolescent depression was confirmed. Based on these results, the significance and implications of this study were presented, and the limitations of the study and the suggestions for subsequent research were discussed.