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Quadri, Mir Faeq Ali,Alharbi, Fahd,Bajonaid, Amal Mansoor S,Moafa, Ibtisam Hussain Y,Sharwani, Abubakker Al,Alamir, Abdulwahab Hussain A Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.10
Background: Oral cancer is the third most common malignancy in Saudi Arabia, the highest incidence of which is reported from Jazan province. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of various locally used substances, especially shamma, with oral cancer in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was designed and patient records were scanned for histologically confirmed oral cancer cases. Forty eight patients who were recently diagnosed with oral cancer were selected as cases. Two healthy controls were selected for each observed case and they were matched with age (+/- 5 years) gender and location. Use of different forms of tobacco such as cigarettes, pipe-smoking and shamma (smokeless-tobacco) was assessed. Khat, a commonly used chewing substance in the community was also included. Descriptive analysis was first performed followed by multiple logistic regression (with and without interaction) to derive odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs). Results: Mean age of the study sample (56% males and 44% females) was 65.3 years. Multinomial regression analysis revealed that shamma use increased the odds of developing oral cancer by 29 times (OR=29.3; 10.3-83.1). Cigarette (OR=6.74; 2.18-20.8) was also seen to have an effect. With the interaction model the odds ratio increased significantly for shamma users (OR=37.2; 12.3-113.2) and cigarette smokers (OR=10.5; 2.88-3.11). Khat was observed to have negative effect on the disease occurrence when used along with shamma (OR=0.01; 0.00 - 0.65). Conclusions: We conclude that shamma, a moist form of smokeless tobacco is a major threat for oral cancer occurrence in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. This study gives a direction to conduct further longitudinal studies in the region with increased sample size representing the population in order to provide more substantial evidence.
Julian A Ferreras,Ryu, Jae-Sang,Federico Di Lello,Derek S Tan,Luis E N Quadri 이화여자대학교 약학연구소 2005 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.16
Mycobacterium tuverculosis and Yersinia pestis, the causative agents of tuberculosis and plague respectively are pathogens with serious ongoing impact on global public health^(1,2) and potential use as agents of bioterrorism^(3). Both pathogens have iron acquisition systems based on siderphores secreted iron-chelating compounds with extremey high Fe^(3+)affinity(4,5) Several lines of evidence suggest that siderophores have a critical role in bacterial iron acquisition inside the human host^(6-9) where the free iron concentration is well bellow that required for bacterial growth and virulence ^(10) Thus, siderophore biosynthesis is an attractive target in the development of new antibiotics to treat tuberculosis and plague^(2,5,8,11). In particular, such drugs alone or as part of combination therapies could provide a valuable new line of defense against intractable muliple-drug-resistant infections Here we report the design synthesis and domain salicylation enzymes required for siderophore biosynthesis siderophore biosynthesis and growth of M. tuberculosis and Y, pestis under iron-limiting conditions.
Ferreras, Julian A.,Stirrett, Karen L.,Lu, Xuequan,Ryu, Jae-Sang,Soll, Clifford E.,Tan, Derek S.,Quadri, Luis E.N. 이화여자대학교 약학연구소 2008 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.18
Phenolic glycolipids (PGLs) are polyketide-derived virulence factors produced by Mycobacterium tuber-culosis, M. leprae, and other mycobacterial pathogens. We have combined bioinformatic, genetic, biochemical, and chemical biology approaches to illuminate the mechanism of chain initiation required for assembly of the p-hydroxyphenyl-polyketide moiety of PGLs. Our studies have led to the identification of a stand-alone, didomain initiation module, FadD22, comprised of a p-hydroxybenzoic acid adenylation domain and an aroyl carrier protein domain. FadD22 forms an acyl-S-enzyme covalent intermediate in the p-hydroxyphenyl-polyketide chain assembly line. We also used this information to develop a small-molecule inhibitor of PGL biosynthesis. Overall, these studies provide insights into the biosynthesis of an important group of small-molecule mycobacterial virulence factors and support the feasibility of targeting PGL biosynthesis to develop new drugs to treat mycobacterial infections.