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Should Male Circumcision be Advocated for Genital Cancer Prevention?
Morris, Brian J.,Mindel, Adrian,Tobian, Aaron A.R.,Hankins, Catherine A.,Gray, Ronald H.,Bailey, Robert C.,Bosch, Xavier,Wodak, Alex D. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.9
The recent policy statement by the Cancer Council of Australia on infant circumcision and cancer prevention and the announcement that the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine will be made available for boys in Australia prompted us to provide an assessment of genital cancer prevention. While HPV vaccination of boys should help reduce anal cancer in homosexual men and cervical cancer in women, it will have little or no impact on penile or prostate cancer. Male circumcision can reduce cervical, penile and possibly prostate cancer. Promotion of both HPV vaccination and male circumcision will synergistically maximize genital cancer prevention.
Gene inactivation using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in the nematode Pristionchus pacificus.
Witte, Hanh,Moreno, Eduardo,R?delsperger, Christian,Kim, Jungeun,Kim, Jin-Soo,Streit, Adrian,Sommer, Ralf J Springer-Verlag 2015 Development genes and evolution Vol.225 No.1
<P>The diplogastrid nematode Pristionchus pacificus is a nematode model system for comparative studies to Caenorhabditis elegans and integrative evolutionary biology aiming for interdisciplinary approaches of evo-devo, population genetics, and ecology. For this, fieldwork can be combined with laboratory studies, and P. pacificus has a well-developed methodological toolkit of forward genetics, whole genome sequencing, DNA-mediated transformation, and various -omics platforms. Here, we establish CRISPR/Cas9-based gene inactivation and describe various boundary conditions of this methodology for P. pacificus. Specifically, we demonstrate that most mutations arise within the first 9 hours after injections. We systematically tested the efficiency of sgRNAs targeting different exons in Ppa-dpy-1 and characterized the molecular nature of the induced mutations. Finally, we provide a protocol that might also be useful for researchers working with other non-Caenorhabditis nematodes.</P>
Strong Sensitivity of Pine Island Ice-Shelf Melting to Climatic Variability
Dutrieux, Pierre,De Rydt, Jan,Jenkins, Adrian,Holland, Paul R.,Ha, Ho Kyung,Lee, Sang Hoon,Steig, Eric J.,Ding, Qinghua,Abrahamsen, E. Povl,Schrö,der, Michael American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2014 Science Vol.343 No.6167
<P><B>Cold Glacier Growth</B></P><P>Pine Island Glacier in Antarctica has thinned significantly during the last two decades and has provided a measurable contribution to sea-level rise as a result. Both glacier dynamics and climate are thought to be responsible for thinning, but exactly how they influence the glacier are incompletely known. <B>Dutrieux <I>et al.</I></B> (p. 174, published online 2 January) provide another layer of detail to our understanding of the process through observations of ocean temperatures in the surrounding waters. The thermocline adjacent in the sea adjacent to the glacier calving front (where ice is discharged) lowered by 250 meters in the austral summer of 2012. This change exposed the bottom of the ice shelf to colder surface waters rather than to the warmer, deeper layer, thereby reducing heat transfer from the ocean to the overlying ice and decreasing basal melting of the ice by more than 50% compared to 2010. Those 2012 ocean conditions were partly caused by a strong La Niña event, thus illustrating how important atmospheric variability is for regulating how the Antarctic Ice Sheet responds to climate change.</P>