Exergy and exergoeconomic analysis of hydrogen and power cogeneration using an HTR plant

Norouzi, Nima,Talebi, Saeed,Fani, Maryam,Khajehpour, Hossein Korean Nuclear Society 2021 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.53 No.8

This paper proposes using sodium-cooled fast reactor technologies for use in hydrogen vapor methane (SMR) modification. Using three independent energy rings in the Russian BN-600 fast reactor, steam is generated in one of the steam-generating cycles with a pressure of 13.1 MPa and a temperature of 505 ℃. The reactor's second energy cycles can increase the gas-steam mixture's temperature to the required amount for efficient correction. The 620 ton/hr 540 ℃ steam generated in this cycle is sufficient to supply a high-temperature synthesis current source (700 ℃), which raises the steam-gas mixture's temperature in the reactor. The proposed technology provides a high rate of hydrogen production (approximately 144.5 ton/hr of standard H₂), also up to 25% of the original natural gas, in line with existing SMR technology for preparing and heating steam and gas mixtures will be saved. Also, exergy analysis results show that the plant's efficiency reaches 78.5% using HTR heat for combined hydrogen and power generation.

The Pahlev Reliability Index: A measurement for the resilience of power generation technologies versus climate change

Norouzi, Nima Korean Nuclear Society 2021 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.53 No.5

Research on climate change and global warming on the power generation systems are rapidly increasing because of the Importance of the sustainable energy supply, thus the electricity supply since its growing share, in the end, uses energy supply. However, some researchers conducted this field, but many research gaps are not mentioned and filled in this field's literature since the lack of general statements and the quantitative models and formulation of the issue. In this research, an exergy-based model is implemented to model a set of six power generation technologies (combined cycle, gas turbine, nuclear plant, solar PV, and wind turbine) and use this model to simulate each technology's responses to climate change impacts. Finally, using these responses to define and calculate a formulation for the relationship between the system's energy performance in different environmental situations and a dimensionless index to quantize each power technology's reliability against the climate change impacts called the Pahlev reliability index (P-index) of the power technology. The results have shown that solar and nuclear technologies are the most, and wind turbines are the least reliable power generation technologies.

Preparation, Characterization and First Application of Alumina Supported Polyphosphoric Acid (PPA/Al₂O₃) as a Reusable Catalyst for the Synthesis of 14-Aryl-14H-dibenzo[a, j]xanthenes

Norouzi, Haniyeh,Davoodnia, Abolghasem,Bakavoli, Mehdi,Zeinali-Dastmalbaf, Mohsen,Tavakoli-Hoseini, Niloofar,Ebrahimi, Mahmoud Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.7

Alumina supported polyphosphoric acid (PPA/$Al_2O_3$) was successfully prepared by impregnation of alumina support by polyphosphoric acid and characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, the $N_2$ adsorption/desorption analysis (BET), thermal analysis (TG/DTG), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The catalytic behavior of this new solid acid supported heterogeneous catalyst was checked in the synthesis of 14-aryl-14H-dibenzo[a, j]xanthenes by cyclocondensation reaction of ${\beta}$-naphthol and aryl aldehydes under solvent-free conditions. The results showed that the novel catalyst has high activity and the desired products were obtained in very short reaction times with high yields. Moreover, the catalyst can be easily recovered by filtration and reused at least three times with only slight reduction in its catalytic activity.

Exergetic design and analysis of a nuclear SMR reactor tetrageneration (combined water, heat, power, and chemicals) with designed PCM energy storage and a CO₂ gas turbine inner cycle

Norouzi, Nima,Fani, Maryam,Talebi, Saeed Korean Nuclear Society 2021 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.53 No.2

The tendency to renewables is one of the consequences of changing attitudes towards energy issues. As a result, solar energy, which is the leader among renewable energies based on availability and potential, plays a crucial role in full filing global needs. Significant problems with the solar thermal power plants (STPP) are the operation time, which is limited by daylight and is approximately half of the power plants with fossil fuels, and the capital cost. Exergy analysis survey of STPP hybrid with PCM storage carried out using Engineering Equation Solver (EES) program with genetic algorithm (GA) for three different scenarios, based on eight decision variables, which led us to decrease final product cost (electricity) in optimized scenario up to 30% compare to base case scenario from 28.99 $/kWh to 20.27 $/kWh for the case study. Also, in the optimal third scenario of this plant, the inner carbon dioxide gas cycle produces 1200 kW power with a thermal efficiency of 59% and also 1000 m3/h water with an exergy efficiency of 23.4% and 79.70 kg/h with an overall exergy efficiency of 34% is produced in the tetrageneration plant.

Modeling Survival in Patients With Brain Stroke in the Presence of Competing Risks

Norouzi, Solmaz,Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asghari,Shamshirgaran, Seyed Morteza,Farzipoor, Farshid,Fallah, Ramazan The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2021 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.54 No.1

Objectives: After heart disease, brain stroke (BS) is the second most common cause of death worldwide, underscoring the importance of understanding preventable and treatable risk factors for the outcomes of BS. This study aimed to model the survival of patients with BS in the presence of competing risks. Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted on 332 patients with a definitive diagnosis of BS. Demographic characteristics and risk factors were collected by a validated checklist. Patients' mortality status was investigated by telephone follow-up to identify deaths that may be have been caused by stroke or other factors (heart disease, diabetes, high cholesterol, etc.). Data were analyzed by the Lunn-McNeil approach at alpha=0.1. Results: Older age at diagnosis (59-68 years: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.19; 90% confidence interval [CI], 1.38 to 3.48; 69-75 years: aHR, 5.04; 90% CI, 3.25 to 7.80; ≥76 years: aHR, 5.30; 90% CI, 3.40 to 8.44), having heart disease (aHR, 1.65; 90% CI, 1.23 to 2.23), oral contraceptive pill use (women only) (aHR, 0.44; 90% CI, 0.24 to 0.78) and ischemic stroke (aHR, 0.52; 90% CI, 0.36 to 0.74) were directly related to death from BS. Older age at diagnosis (59-68 years: aHR, 21.42; 90% CI, 3.52 to 130.39; 75-69 years: aHR, 16.48; 90% CI, 2.75 to 98.69; ≥76 years: aHR, 26.03; 90% CI, 4.06 to 166.93) and rural residence (aHR, 2.30; 90% CI, 1.15 to 4.60) were directly related to death from other causes. Significant risk factors were found for both causes of death. Conclusions: BS-specific and non-BS-specific mortality had different risk factors. These findings could be utilized to prescribe optimal and specific treatment.

Adsorptive Immobilization of Acetylcholine Esterase on Octadecyl Substituted Porous Silica: Optical Bio-analysis of Carbaryl

Norouzy, Amir,Habibi-Rezaei, Mehran,Qujeq, Durdi,Vatani, Maryam,Badiei, Alireza Korean Chemical Society 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.1

A sensory element against carbaryl, as a widely used pesticide was prepared based on adsorbed acetylcholine esterase (AChE) from Torpedo california. Octadecyl was substituted on macro-porous silica, confirmed by infra-red (IR) spectroscopy and quantitatively estimated through thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). Immobilization of the enzyme was achieved by adsorption on this support. Activity of the immobilization product was measured as a function of the loaded enzyme concentration, and maximum binding capacity of the support was estimated to be 43.18 nmol.mg-1. The immobilized preparations were stable for more than two months at storage conditions and showed consistency in continuous operations. Possible application of the immobilized AChE for quantitative analysis of carbaryl is proposed in this study.

Determination of Copper in Black, Red Pepper and the Waste Water Samples by a Highly Selective Sensitive Cu(II) Microelectrode Based on a New Hexadentates Schiff's Base

Norouzi, Parviz,Ganjali, Mohammad Reza,Faridbod, Farnoush,Salavati-Niasari, Masoud Korean Chemical Society 2006 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.27 No.9

A $Cu^{2+}$ ion-selective membrane microelectrode has been fabricated from poly vinyl chloride (PVC) matrix membrane containing a new symmetrical hexadentate Schiff,s base 2-{1-(E)-2-((Z)-2-{(E)-2-[(Z)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]hydrazono}-1-methylpropylidene)hydrazono]ethyl}phenol (HDNOS) as a neutral carrier, Potassium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl) borate (KTpClPB) as an anionic excluder and o-nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) as a plasticizing solvent mediator. The microelectrode displays linear potential response in the concentration range of $1.0\;{\times}\;10^{-5}-1.0\;{\times}\;10^{-11}$ M of $Cu^{2+}$. The microelectrode exhibits a nice Nernstian slope of 25.9 ${\pm}$ 0.3 mV $decade^{-1}$ in the pH range of 3.1-8.1. The sensor has a relatively short response time in whole concentration ranges ($\sim$5 s). The detection limit of proposed sensor is $5.0\;{\times}\;10^{-12}$ M (320 pg/L), and it can be used over a period of eight weeks. The practical utility of the sensor has been demonstrated by using it as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of $Cu^{2+}$ with EDTA. The proposed membrane electrode was used for the direct determining of $Cu^{2+}$ content in black and red pepper, and in waste water samples.

The Relationship Between Slow Wave Sleep and Blood Oxygen Saturation Among Patients With Apnea: Retrospective Study

Norouzi Ebrahim,Zakei Ali,Bratty Alexandra J.,Khazaie Habibolah 대한수면학회 2023 sleep medicine research Vol.14 No.3

Background and Objective Prior research suggests that slow wave sleep (SWS) is disrupted in people with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, it was not clear whether the reduction in SWS is related to abnormal breathing or the extent of OSA as determined by the minimum oxygen saturation. Further, there is limited research on the relationship between oxygen saturation and SWS. The present study examined the relationship between SWS and minimum oxygen saturation levels in patients with OSA.Methods The sample consisted of 589 patients with OSA (mean age: 48.54 years) who completed full-night polysomnography.Results Results showed that there was a significant difference in SWS scores across three apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) groups (AHI score 5–15 for mild apnea, 16–30 for moderate apnea, and >30 for severe apnea). Lower SWS scores were observed in the severe apnea group. Additionally, results indicated that as oxygen saturation decreased, the SWS scores decreased.Conclusions Results from this study indicate that oxygen saturation significantly predicts SWS amounts. These findings suggest that interventions for low oxygen saturation could enhance the amounts of SWS. The clinical ramifications of these findings are worthy of consideration.

Human Body Exergy Analysis Model in Building Thermal Comfort Evaluation

Norouzi Nima 대한설비공학회 2021 International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.29 No.4

To explore the application of the human body exergy analysis method in assessing the indoor thermal environment, strictly according to the definition of metabolic exergy, based on the two existing exergy analysis models, a more reasonable calculation method of metabolic exergy was first proposed and established, which is a new two-node exergy analysis model. Then, the experimental data in the ASHRAE database were used to verify the reliability of the established model. Finally, the human body exergy exchange rate and exergy loss rate with indoor and outdoor environmental parameters were revealed. The research results show that the new metabolic calculation method can more accurately analyze the human body’s exergy; the exergy loss rate is larger than the exergy exchange rate in the metabolic exergy rate; when the operating temperature is 25 ∘ C, the exergy exchange rate mainly includes the radiation exergy rate and the convective exergy rate; operation at a temperature of 32 ∘ C, the evaporation rate and respiration rate are the main components of the exergy exchange rate; the human body’s exergy loss rate has extreme values at low or high operating temperatures, and it is used separately for the evaluation of human thermal comfort. Combining the exergy loss rate and the exergy exchange rate can better evaluate the indoor thermal environment, the minimum exergy loss rate and the minimum exergy exchange rate under the given indoor conditions, both occur under outdoor high-temperature and low humidity conditions; outdoor temperature affects the human body exergy loss rate and human body exergy exchange rate more strongly than outdoor relative humidity.

Numerical study of vortex shedding in viscoelastic flow past an unconfined square cylinder

Mahmood Norouzi,Seyed Rasoul Varedi,Mahdi Zamani 한국유변학회 2015 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.27 No.3

In this paper, the periodic viscoelastic shedding flow of Giesekus fluid past an unconfined square cylinder is investigated numerically for the first time. The global quantities such as lift coefficient, Strouhal number and the detailed kinetic and kinematic variables like normal stress differences and streamlines have been obtained in order to investigate the flow pattern of viscoelastic flow. The effects of Reynolds number and polymer concentrations have been clarified in the periodic viscoelastic flow regime. Our particular interest is the effect of mobility parameter on the stability of two dimensional viscoelastic flows past an unconfined square cylinder. To fulfill this aim, the mobility parameter has been increased from 0 to 0.5 for different polymer concentrations. Results reveal that mobility factor noticeably affects the amplitude of lift coefficient and shedding frequency more strongly at higher polymer concentrations