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A category-specific response to animals in the right human amygdala
Mormann, Florian,Dubois, Julien,Kornblith, Simon,Milosavljevic, Milica,Cerf, Moran,Ison, Matias,Tsuchiya, Naotsugu,Kraskov, Alexander,Quiroga, Rodrigo Quian,Adolphs, Ralph,Fried, Itzhak,Koch, Christof Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2011 NATURE NEUROSCIENCE Vol.14 No.10
The amygdala is important in emotion, but it remains unknown whether it is specialized for certain stimulus categories. We analyzed responses recorded from 489 single neurons in the amygdalae of 41 neurosurgical patients and found a categorical selectivity for pictures of animals in the right amygdala. This selectivity appeared to be independent of emotional valence or arousal and may reflect the importance that animals held throughout our evolutionary past.
On-line, voluntary control of human temporal lobe neurons
Cerf, Moran,Thiruvengadam, Nikhil,Mormann, Florian,Kraskov, Alexander,Quiroga, Rodrigo Quian,Koch, Christof,Fried, Itzhak Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2010 Nature Vol.467 No.7319
Daily life continually confronts us with an exuberance of external, sensory stimuli competing with a rich stream of internal deliberations, plans and ruminations. The brain must select one or more of these for further processing. How this competition is resolved across multiple sensory and cognitive regions is not known; nor is it clear how internal thoughts and attention regulate this competition. Recording from single neurons in patients implanted with intracranial electrodes for clinical reasons, here we demonstrate that humans can regulate the activity of their neurons in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) to alter the outcome of the contest between external images and their internal representation. Subjects looked at a hybrid superposition of two images representing familiar individuals, landmarks, objects or animals and had to enhance one image at the expense of the other, competing one. Simultaneously, the spiking activity of their MTL neurons in different subregions and hemispheres was decoded in real time to control the content of the hybrid. Subjects reliably regulated, often on the first trial, the firing rate of their neurons, increasing the rate of some while simultaneously decreasing the rate of others. They did so by focusing onto one image, which gradually became clearer on the computer screen in front of their eyes, and thereby overriding sensory input. On the basis of the firing of these MTL neurons, the dynamics of the competition between visual images in the subject??s mind was visualized on an external display.