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DIBOA BIOSYNTHESIS IN MAIZE : A RESISTANCE MECHANISM AGAINST PATHOGENS AND INSECTS
Alfons Gierl,Monika Frey Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 1998 Proceedings the 2nd Korean-Germany joint symposium Vol.1998 No.-
An important component of general defence mechanisms of plants are secondary metabolites that are toxic and function as natural pesticides. The cyclic hydroxamic acids DIBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one) and DIMBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4- benzoxazin-3-one) play an important role in the chemical defense of cereals against deleterious pests such as insects and pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Five genes that are clustered on chromosome four, are sufficient to encode the enzymes to synthesise DIBOA. The first gene in the pathway, Bxl, encodes an enzyme resembling a trypthophan synthase alpha subunit that catalyses the formation of indole and, thereby establishes the branchpoint that leads to the secondary metabolites Four cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases encoded by Bx2-Bx5 catalyse consecutive hydroxylations to form DIBOA. This pathway can be generalised for grasses, since identical enzyme activities were found in rye. The pathway is relatively short and begins with a metabolite ubiquitous to plants. Therefore DIBOA biosynthesis could be introduced into other plant species to confer improved disease resistance.