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Alhabeb, Mohamed,Maleski, Kathleen,Anasori, Babak,Lelyukh, Pavel,Clark, Leah,Sin, Saleesha,Gogotsi, Yury American Chemical Society 2017 Chemistry of materials Vol.29 No.18
<P>Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides (MXenes) were discovered in 2011. Since the original discovery, more than 20 different compositions have been synthesized by the selective etching of MAX phase and other precursors and many more theoretically predicted. They offer a variety of different properties, making the family promising candidates in a wide range of applications, such as energy storage, electromagnetic interference shielding, water purification, electrocatalysis, and medicine. These solution-processable materials have the potential to be highly scalable, deposited by spin, spray, or dip coating, painted or printed, or fabricated in a variety of ways. Due to this promise, the amount of research on MXenes has been increasing, and methods of synthesis and processing are expanding quickly. The fast evolution of the material can also be noticed in the wide range of synthesis and processing protocols that determine the yield of delamination, as well as the quality of the 2D flakes produced. Here we describe the experimental methods and best practices we use to synthesize the most studied MXene, titanium carbide (Ti<SUB>3</SUB>C<SUB>2</SUB>T<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>), using different etchants and delamination methods. We also explain effects of synthesis parameters on the size and quality of Ti<SUB>3</SUB>C<SUB>2</SUB>T<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> and suggest the optimal processes for the desired application.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Electromagnetic interference shielding with 2D transition metal carbides (MXenes)
Shahzad, Faisal,Alhabeb, Mohamed,Hatter, Christine B.,Anasori, Babak,Man Hong, Soon,Koo, Chong Min,Gogotsi, Yury American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2016 Science Vol.353 No.6304
<P>Materials with good flexibility and high conductivity that can provide electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding with minimal thickness are highly desirable, especially if they can be easily processed into films. Two-dimensional metal carbides and nitrides, known as MXenes, combine metallic conductivity and hydrophilic surfaces. Here, we demonstrate the potential of several MXenes and their polymer composites for EMI shielding. A 45-micrometer-thick Ti3C2Tx film exhibited EMI shielding effectiveness of 92 decibels (>50 decibels for a 2.5-micrometer film), which is the highest among synthetic materials of comparable thickness produced to date. This performance originates from the excellent electrical conductivity of Ti3C2Tx films (4600 Siemens per centimeter) and multiple internal reflections from Ti3C2Tx flakes in free-standing films. The mechanical flexibility and easy coating capability offered by MXenes and their composites enable them to shield surfaces of any shape while providing high EMI shielding efficiency.</P>