志賀潔と植民地朝鮮

마쓰다도시히코 ( Toshihiko Matsuda ) 한림대학교 일본학연구소 2014 翰林日本學 Vol.0 No.25

志賀潔(1871∼1957年)は、赤痢菌の註見で著名な戰前日本の細菌學者である。しかし、志賀潔 が、硏究者としての後半生10數年間を植民地朝鮮で送ったことはほとんど知られていない。志賀は、1920 年に朝鮮綜督府醫院長兼京城醫學專門學校校長として朝鮮に渡った。1926年、京城帝國大學の創設 においては、實現はしなかったもののアメリカ式の基礎醫學と臨床醫學の連繼を構想した。そして、京城帝 國大學が開學すると同醫學部長、ついで1929年に京城帝國大學總長に就任した。1931年京城帝國大 學總長を辭職するまで朝鮮での活動期間は10余年にわたる。 本稿では、學術硏究と植民地主義という問題を體現する人物として志賀を取りあげ考察した。志賀潔 は、主關的には價値中立主義的な學問的態度を信條とした。しかし、志賀の屬した傳染病硏究所(後に 北里硏究所)は實學志向を襁く持ち、志賀も結核や脚麒の調査や予防キャンペ-ンを通じて社會との接 点をもつことになった。志賀本人としては、純隧な學問硏究と國家への貢憲は矛盾なく結びついていたと思 われるが、植民地朝鮮という磁場ではそうした思想の政治性がはしなくも表面化した。 志賀は朝鮮において西洋醫學の普及を重視し朝鮮人醫學者の育成に力を入れた反面、傳統的な漢 方醫(醫生)は一方的な敎化對象と見なした。また、京城醫學轉門學校校長時代に起こった久保事件 (1921年)においては、日本人敎授の差別發言に對する朝鮮人學生の抗議を理解することができなかっ た。京城帝國大學時代はハンセン病硏究に注力したが、その硏究は嘔米人宣敎師と朝鮮總督府の醫療 をめぐるヘゲモニ-競爭という文脈の中に置かれていた。志賀のハンセン病對策をめぐる言設が、1920年 代後半における治癒退院主義から30年代初期の襁制隔離主義へと大きく專換したことも、朝鮮總督府の ハンセン病政策と關連していた可能性がある。 Kiyoshi Shiga (1871-1957) was an eminent Japanese bacteriologist who built his career as a scholar before 1945. However, it is a very little-known fact that he spent ten years of his later life in Japanese-ruled Joseon. Shiga came to Joseon in 1920 as a clinical manager in the Japanese Government-General of Joseon and also Principal of Gyeongseong Medical College. Although he did not complete his plan, he tried to connect American Christian medicine with clinical medicine when Gyeongseong Medical College opened in 1926. His career in Joseon ranged over 10 years; through the medical director of Gyeongseong Medical College to its president in 1929; he retired as president in 1931. This study examines his achievements as a person representing issues about academic research and colonialism. Shiga thought his principle was value neutrality, but the direction of the Infectious Diseases Institute (later the Kitasato Institute) he belonged to was very practical; he came to have a point of contact with society through research into national diseases like tuberculosis and beriberi, and preventive campaigns against them. Therefore, it can be said that the political nature that his thought implied came to the surface within the bounds of colonized Joseon in an unexpected way, though he himself believed that there was no contradiction between his academic research and contribution to the state. While Shiga regarded as important the dissemination of Western medicine in Joseon and made every effort to foster Korean medical scientists, he considered oriental medicine (physicians of the traditional school) as a mere object of reformation. Furthermore, when the Kubo case happened in 1921 during his term of office, he could never understand Korean students’ protest against the Japanese professor’s discriminating remarks toward Koreans. Shiga focused on Hansen’s disease during his period at Gyeongseong Imperial University. When some hegemonic competition occurred between Western missionariesand the Japanese Government-General of Joseon over the treatment of Hansen’s disease, his comments on the treatment of the disease showed a sudden change from the hospital treatment principle of the late 1920s to the forced segregation principle in the early 1930s. His involvement in the Japanese Government-General of Joseon’s management over Hansen’s disease was quite substantial.

Application Study on Thin Wall Ferritic Stainless Steel Tubing for Sea Water Cooled Condensers in Thermal Power Plant

Sueyoshi, Mitsuhiro,Furue, Toshihiko,Sato, Akihiro,Yokoyama, Kenichi,Yamadera, Yoshimi,Fujiwara, Kiyoshi,Matsuda, Katsuhiko 한국부식방식학회 2002 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.31 No.5

Aluminum brass tubing which is highly cost-effective and has a high heat transfer property has been widely used for seawater cooled condenser in Japan. However, the tubing suffers from erosion and corrosion on the inner surface in spite of ferric-ion injection and cathodic protection. Ammonia also attacks the outer surface after long years of service. Periodic replacement with new tubing has been performed. Titanium tubing which has high corrosion resistance, has been used in new condensers and for the air removal zone of the condenser. However, its service has been restricted due to higher cost and lower elastic modulus. As a countermeasure, we have developed a high performance ferritic stainless steel tubing called "Super Stainless: FS1O" which has excellent corrosion resistance and is highly cost-effective. First, the tubings were used experimentally in our Buzen thermal power station, Unit 2 condenser in 1993, and various investigations have been performed on the extracted tubing and tube sheet every year. Ammonia attack on the outer surface, corrosion and erosion on the inner surface, crevice corrosion between the tube and the tube-sheet. Hz absorption and degradation of properties was not observed. Based on these results, 1,006 pieces of FS1O were installed in Buzen thermal power station, Unit I condenser in 1996. The tubing has been used in seawater without any corrosion problems.

Carbon-forming reactions under a reducing atmosphere during seismic fault slip

Oohashi, Kiyokazu,Han, Raehee,Hirose, Takehiro,Shimamoto, Toshihiko,Omura, Kentaro,Matsuda, Tatsuo Geological Society of America 2014 Geology Vol.42 No.9

<P>Graphite is a well-known solid lubricant and can be as important as clay minerals in reducing the frictional strength of faults. Some natural fault zones contain carbonaceous material (CM) even where host rocks do not contain it, and seismic fault motion can promote the graphitization of low-grade CM. Thus, the origin of CM in fault zones is an important issue in fault mechanics. Previous high-velocity friction experiments have revealed various chemical reactions in fault zones during seismic fault motion, but most experiments have been conducted in an atmosphere under oxic conditions. Here we report experimental results on Carrara marble (free of CM), conducted under N<SUB>2</SUB> or H<SUB>2</SUB> atmospheres at a slip rate of 1.3 m/s and normal stresses of 2.0–3.1 MPa. A small amount of blackish material formed in generated gouge only under reducing conditions with the H<SUB>2</SUB> atmosphere, and Raman spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of CM (amorphous carbon) in the material. The CM is attributable to (1) the generation and pyrolitic dissociation of CH<SUB>4</SUB>, and/or (2) a reduction reaction of emitted CO<SUB>2</SUB> due to calcite decomposition. We confirmed the formation of CH<SUB>4</SUB> using gas chromatography. The CM produced in experiments resembles CM in the Nojima fault (Japan) gouge in terms of Raman spectra. The granitic host rock of this fault is free of CM, and calcite is precipitated close to the CM; therefore, the CM probably formed through processes similar to those simulated in our experiments. Future research should investigate the amount and origin of CM in natural fault zones.</P>

Nationwide distribution of Kyo-yasai (heirloom vegetables in Kyoto) and the advantages of traditional farming methods with importance of ‘Syun’: a case of mizuna

Nakamura Takako,Nakao Asuka,Watanabe Minami,Ueda Kinji,Matsuda Toshihiko,Matsumoto Seiji,Yamaguchi Toshiharu,Haikata Masaho,Kaneko Asuka,Shirota Koji,Sasaki Azusa,Okamoto Shigehisa,Nakamura Yasushi 한국식품연구원 2022 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.9 No.-

Introduction: This study aimed to review the farming activity and the administrative measure to successfully increase the distribution of heirloom vegetable “mizuna” nationwide by examining the paradigm shift in the use of its young less-branched form for salad. We also discussed that breeding programs of the young form ironically resulted in reduction the flavor and the antimutagenicity of this vegetable. Methods: Through hearing survey, we explored reasons for the successful nationwide distribution of heirloom vegetable, mizuna. Through chemical analysis, the fragrant ingredients in mizuna, their antimutagenicity and the changes in their amount for one year were determined. Results and discussion: The primary factor for commencing the distribution of mizuna includes the new idea of using young less-branched form of mizuna as salad ingredient, which has been recognized by most who were involved in promoting the distribution of mizuna among farmers, distributors, and employees of agricultural extension section at Kyoto Prefecture office. The secondary factor is the fact that the primary factor coincides on a time axis with other two factors: the occurrence of the boom of Kyoto’s heirloom vegetables and the Vegetable Management Stabilization Project found as a measure of Kyoto Prefecture. We determined three fragrant compounds in mizuna, 3-butenyl isothiocyanate, 3-phenylpropionitrile, and phenylethyl isothiocyanate, of which their antimutagenic effects were also identified. Those amounts were highest at the best harvest season called ‘Syun’ in the past because of the cold temperature of Japanese winter in traditional open-field cultivation. Conclusion: It implied that the successful nationwide distribution of mizuna resulted from the administrative measures based on the paradigm shift in the new use of mizuna for salad due to increase in demand of the vegetable in contemporary dishes. The traditional cultivation of mizuna might be suitable if wishing the flavor and antimutagenicity at the best harvest season ‘Syun’.