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최세윤 韓國外國語大學校 大學院 2012 국내석사

Soft power and creative industries as factors influencing Korea's cultural industries

Maman, Anael Hankuk University of Foreign Studies. Graduate Sch 2017 국내석사

한국의 문화산업에 영향을 미치는 요소로서의 연성권력과 창조산업에 관한 연구 몇 십 년 전에 Joseph Nye는 소프트 파워라는 용어를 처음으로 도입했다. 소프트 파워의 새로운 정의와 메커니즘은 국제관계에서 큰 호응을 얻었다. 이 용어는 주로 한 국가의 매력을 통해 다른 국가의 선호를 형성함으로써 원하는 목표에 도달 할 수 있는 주정부의 능력을 나타낸다. 창조 산업은 창의성, 비즈니스, 기술, 문화 및 예술을 포함하는 또 다른 개념이다. 두 용어가 문화와 상호 작용하는 반면에, 세 번째 용어, 주로 관광 및 유산 산업을 언급하는 문화 산업에 영향을 줄 수 있는 요소들이기도 한다. 이 논문에서 소프트파워와 창조산업이 한국의 문화 산업에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지에 대해서 논의한다. 첫째, 2장과 3장에서 소프트파워와 창조산업의 이론적 개념에 대해서 논의했다. 본 논문은 소프트파워의 개념, 자원, 메커니즘 및 공공 외교와 문화 외교 등의 소프트파워의 도구의 대해서 광범위하게 조사했다. 3장에서 창조산업의 개념, 관광산업과 창조산업 간의 시너지 관계 및 그의 중요성을 분석했다. 창조 산업은 GDP에 긍정적인 영향을 줄뿐만 아니라 고용을 제공하고 다른 분야의 발전을 강화시킨다. 4장에서는 한국의 소프트파워 자원과 창조산업이 정부의 공공 및 문화정책에 어떻게 동원되었는지에 대해서 다루었다. 5장에서는 소프트파워와 창조산업이 문화산업에 미치는 영향을 직접적으로 조명했으며, 6장에서는 중소 규모 국가들이 한국의 성공 사례를 따르는 것과 한국의 미래 전망에 대한 논의를 제안했다. 본 논문은 한국이 경제적 목표를 달성 할 수 있는 메커니즘은 민간부문의 노력이나 공공부문의 노력만이 아니라 공공부문이 민간부문의 이익을 성공적으로 동원하여 결합한 노력이라고 결론을 내렸다. 소프트파워 자원은 민간부문을 기반으로 하여 인기드라마와 음악을 만들고 지속적으로 외국 대중의 주목을 받았을 뿐만 아니라 R&D와 인터넷의 순환적인 발전을 이끌어내는 데에 선도적인 역할을 한다. 한류의 성공을 고려하여 한국 정부는 그 자원을 단순한 자원에서 행동 결과 자원으로 전환할 수 있도록 특별한 정책을 실시하고 있다. 여러 부처 및 정부 기관들이 투자뿐만 아니라 공공 및 문화 외교로 분류되는 다양한 정책을 채택함으로써 한류의 마케팅 및 유통을 지원하고 있다. 한국 정부는 정치적 영향력을 제고하기 위해서가 아니라 창조산업으로부터의 이익을 증진시키고 문화산업 및 혁신산업과 같은 다른 산업의 성장에 영향을 주기 위해 공공 및 문화 외교를 함께 사용한다. 한국이 문화산업의 성장에 성공적으로 영향을 미치는 방법을 분석하는 것은 한국의 미래 성장과 긍적적인 정부 정책의 핵심이다. 또한 경제적인 이익뿐만 아니라 국제 사회에서 정치적 영향력을 증가시키고자 하는 유사한 중소 규모 국가들을 위한 모델을 창안할 수도 있다. Soft Power and Creative Industries as Factors Influencing Korea's Cultural Industries More than a decade ago, Joseph Nye coined the term soft power. The new definition and mechanism of soft power created a buzz in the discipline of the IR studies. The term mainly refers to the state's ability to reach its desired goals by shaping other states' preferences through attraction. The creative industries are another term that involves creativity, business, technology, culture and arts. While both terms interact with culture, they are factors that are able to influence a third term, the cultural industries which mainly refer to tourism and heritage industries. This paper answered the question how soft power and creative industries influence Korea's cultural industries. First, the theoretical framework that examined the terms of soft power and creative industries was built in the second and third chapter. The paper widely examined the concept of soft power, its resources, its mechanism and its instruments such as public diplomacy and culture diplomacy. The third analyzed the concept of creative industries, the synergic relationship between tourism and creative industries and their importance. Creative industries not only positively influence the GDP but also provide employment and enhance development in other sectors. The forth chapter dealt with the how the Korean soft power resources and creative industries were mobilized in the government's public and cultural policies. The fifth part directly examined the influence of soft power and creative industries on the cultural industries and the sixth chapter provided suggestion to other middle and small sized nation on how to follow the Korean success and discuss the Korean future perspectives. It concludes that the mechanism in which Korea could obtain its economic goals is neither private sector effort only nor public sector effort only but a combined effort where the public sector successfully mobilized the profits of the private sector. The soft power resources are based on private sector which created addicting dramas and music which slowly and steady drew the attention of foreign publics as well as the development of leading conglobates R&D and internet. Noticing the success of Hallyu, the government assigned special units that were in charge to make sure the Korea will be able to transform those resources from simply resources into behavioral outcome resources. The different ministries supported the marketing and distribution of Hallyu not only through investments but also through adopting various policies, which are classified as public and cultural diplomacies. The Korean government uses both public and cultural diplomacies not only in order to enhance its influence in the political level but also in order to increase the gain from creative industries and influence the growth in other industries such as cultural and innovative industries. The analysis of the method in which Korea successfully influences the growth of its cultural industries is the key to future growth and positive governmental policies. Also, it creates a model for similar medium sized states that wish to simultaneity increase their political influence in the international sphere as well as gain an economical value.

Water and nitrogen use of pearl millet and grain sorghum in Nebraska

Maman, Nouri The University of Nebraska - Lincoln 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

Pearl millet [<italic>Pennisetum glaucum</italic> (L.) R. Br] and grain sorghum [<italic>Sorghum bicolor</italic> L. Moench] are drought tolerant crops that may serve as possible alternative summer crops in rotation with winter wheat [<italic>Triticum aestivum</italic> L.] in western Nebraska and may add to the diversification in cropping systems of eastern Nebraska. Two types of field experiments were conducted. The first experiment evaluated pearl millet and grain sorghum yield, water use, and yield components and their interrelation in determining yield across environmental conditions. The range of environmental conditions included the 2000 and 2001 growing seasons, a silt loam soil at Sidney and a silty clay loam soil at Mead, and four water regimes. The latter consisted of (1) no irrigation, (2) single irrigation at boot stage, (3) single irrigation at mid-grain fill, and (4) multiple irrigations. The second experiment evaluated the response of two pearl millet hybrids to N fertilizer rates of 0, 45, 90, and 135 kg N ha<super>−1 </super>, and N uptake and use efficiency under different environmental conditions at Mead and Sidney. Across environmental conditions, pearl millet grain yields of 1.9 to 5.1 Mg ha<super>−1</super> were 60 to 80% that of grain sorghum with yields of 4.1 to 6.1 Mg ha<super>−1</super>. Pearl millet and grain sorghum used 330 to 374 mm of water, and their grain yield increased linearly with increase in water use. Grain sorghum, with greater yields, had greater water use efficiency than pearl millet. Yield increase from irrigation was attributed to kernel weight and kernels panicle<super>−1</super> at Mead, and kernel weight, kernels panicle<super>−1</super> and panicles m<super>−2</super> at Sidney. Stepwise regression and path analysis indicated that kernel weight was the major contributor for grain yield of both crops, except for pearl millet at Sidney where kernels panicle−1 was the largest yield contributor. Pearl millet, with lower and less stable yields, does not currently have the potential to be a substitute for grain sorghum in Nebraska. The two pearl millet hybrids used had similar responses to N fertilizer and their yields, N uptake, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) increased with increased N rate. Maximum grain yield was reached with 90 kg N ha<super>−1 </super> in most environments. However, based on the different NUE components, the optimum N rate for pearl millet was 45 kg N ha<super>−1</super> in all environments.

The associations between HIV-1 and violence among women at a voluntary HIV-1 counseling and testing clinic in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania (Immune deficiency)

Maman, Suzanne The Johns Hopkins University 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

<italic>Background.</italic> In view of the ever increasing epidemic of HIV/AIDS, the expansion of HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) is both a reality and an urgent need. While the availability of HIV VCT has grown in Africa, the negative outcomes of HIV VCT that have been reported by programs are a major concern. <italic>Design and methods</italic>. This study explored the associations between HIV and violence among women attending an HIV VCT clinic in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. In Phase One, in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 women, 17 men and 15 couples to define violence and to describe the HIV testing and disclosure decision-making process. In Phase Two, 340 women were enrolled prior to testing, and 245 of these women were prospectively followed and interviewed 3 months later. The goals were to determine the prevalence of violence among women, to identify the correlates of violence, to compare the histories of violence among HIV positive and negative women, and to determine the rates and describe the outcomes of sersostatus disclosure to sexual partners. <italic>Results.</italic> The most salient barriers to HIV testing and serostatus disclosure described by women include fear of partner's reaction, decision-making and communication patterns between partners, and partner's attitudes towards HIV testing. Perception of risk for HIV is the major factor driving women to overcome these barriers. Lifetime violence was common among women; 37.6% reported at least one physically abusive partner, and 34.8% reported at least one physically violent episode with their current partner. HIV positive women were significantly more likely to report physical violence (OR 2.63; 95% CI 1.23–5.63) and sexual violence (OR 2.39; 95% CI 1.21–4.73) than HIV negative women. Significant predictors of violence included women's HIV status, women's age, women's education, marital status, partner's age, partner's other relationships and age gap between partners. <italic>Conclusions.</italic> The results indicate that violence and threats of violence play a strong role in women's risk for HIV infection and their experiences with initiating prevention activities such as HIV testing. Action is now urgently needed to develop long-term and short-term strategies to reduce women's risk for both HIV and violence.

An economic analysis of field windbreak renovation in the Great Plains states

Malam-Annou, Mamane University of Minnesota 1999 해외박사(DDOD)

The decline of field windbreaks in the Great Plains states poses serious challenges to sustainable farming and natural resource conservation. The renovation of these windbreaks is expensive and seldom profitable. Little is known about the long-term profitability of windbreak renovation and the role of land savings, crop yield response to protection, and cost-share payments. This study investigates three aspects of windbreak renovation. First, the initial cost of renovation is an important factor in the renovation investment decision. The more damaged the windbreak is, the higher the cost of repair and the less likely renovation is to be profitable. Secondly, the net benefit of renovation represents a fundamental factor in the renovation decision. Thirdly, renovation is approached as a private farm investment with socially desirable externalities. Cost-share programs are critical in inducing farmers to invest in windbreaks that generate these external effects. This study uses a net present value approach to develop an investment model of windbreak renovation. The model determines the long-term profitability of windbreak renovation and identifies the impacts of economic variables in the value of renovation. It is assumed that a windbreak renovation is an independent capital investment problem involving a resource allocation decision. The study analyzes the profitability of replacement/renovation of typical field windbreaks in the Great Plains. The results show that the profitability of renovation is a function of the initial cost of renovation, land saving, crop yield response to protection, and cost-share payments. An efficient replacement/renovation shows that farmers substitute a narrower windbreak for an existing windbreak and, that land saving and adequate crop yield response are necessary conditions for a profitable renovation. The study finds that cost-share payments may not be sufficient to induce the renovation practices that provide the socially desirable externalities. The windbreak replacement/renovation problem is also approached as a time-separable investment to show that waiting before replanting is optimal.