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논토양의 생물적(生物的) 질소고정(窒素固定)에 미치는 볏짚시용효과(施用效果) -II. 질소고정미생물(窒素固定微生物) flora와 그 활성(活性)에 미치는 볏짚연용효과(連用效果)
유익동,타츠히코 마츠구치,Yoo, Ick-Dong,Matsuguchi, Tatsuhiko 한국토양비료학회 1988 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.21 No.4
The effects of rice-straw annual application on nitrogen fixing microbial flora in the soil of paddy fields and their biological activities were investigated. Experiments were performed in both NPK fertilizer applied soil and rice-straw applied soil of Agricultural Station in Aomori-ken, Japan. The following results were obtained. 1. The ARA by phototrophs was significantly increased in both soil plots. From the soil plot in which 300ppm-nitrogen was applied, the increase of ARA began to be seen from three weeks later. On the other hand, 33ppm-nitrogen applied soil plot and non-nitrogen applied soil plot showed the ARA increase from the beginning. The amount of ARA by non-phototrophs was only one-tenth of that by phototrophs. 2. For the first three weeks, the phototrophic bacteria (mainly Rhodopseudomonas) were predominant in both soil plots. Since then, as the ARA rapidly increased, the proliferation of blue-green algae forming heterocysts was remarkably promoted. Such effects were more distinct in the rice-straw annually applied soil plot than in the NPK fertilizer annually applied soil plot. 3. The degree of proliferation of blue-green algae depended on the amount of applied nitrogen. While Anabaena, Nostoc and Cylindrospermum were largely proliferated in the non-nitrogen applied soil plot, Cylindrospermum and Calothrix were in the 33ppm-nitrogen applied soil plot, but Calothrix tended to predominated in the 100ppm-nitrogen applied soil plot. 논토양의 질소고정미생물(窒素固定微生物) flora와 그 활성(活性)에 미치는 볏짚 연용효과(連用效果)를 밝히기 위하여 일본 청삼현(靑森縣) 농업시험장내 화학비료연용구(化學肥料連用區) 및 볏짚연용구(連用區) 작토층(作土層)을 공시토양으로 하고 질소시비량(窒素施肥量)을 달리하여 질소고정미생물 flora의 변천(變遷)과 대응하는 질소고정활성의 변화정도를 조사하였다. 1. 시용(施用)볏짚의 광합성미생물(光合成微生物)에 의한 ARA는 양토양(兩土壤) 모두 질소 300ppm 첨가구에서는 3주후(週後)부터, 질소 33ppm 및 무첨가구에서는 시용초기(施用初期)부터 ARA가 현저히 증가하였다. 비광합성미생물(非光合成微生物)에 의한 ARA는 광합성미생물(光合性微生物)에 의한 ARA의 1/10에 지나지 않았다. 2. 시용(施用)볏짚에 서식(棲殖)하고 있는 질소고정미생물 flora를 조사한 결과 초기 3주간에는 양토양(兩土壤) 모두 광합성세균(光合成細菌)(Rhodopseudomonas)이 주로 증식(增殖)하였으며 균량(菌量)과 ARA는 상관관계가 인정되었다. 그후 ARA의 급격(急激)한 증가에 대응(對應)하여 heterocyst형성 염조(鹽藻)의 증식이 현저히 증가하였는데 이상과 같은 효과(效果)는 화학비료연용구(化學肥料連用區) 토양보다 볏짚연용구(連用區) 토양에서 더욱 뚜렷하였다. 3. 염조류(鹽藻類)의 증식(增殖)은 질소시비량에 따라 약간씩 달라 질소 무시용구에서는 Anabaena, Nostoc, Cylindrospermum이 주로 증식(增殖)되었으나 질소 33ppm 시용구에서는 Cylindrospermum, Calothrix, 질소 100ppm 시용구에서는 Calothrix가 왕성히 증식(增殖)되는 경향이었다.
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Effect of Various Carbon Sources on Heterotrophic Acetylene Reducing Activities of Submerged Soil
이상규,마쯔꾸치 타츠히코,Lee, Sang-Kyu,Matsuguchi, Tatsuhiko 한국토양비료학회 1983 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.16 No.3
한국(韓國), 일본(日本) 및 태국(泰國)의 논토양(土壤)을 홍시(洪試)하여 수종유기물(數種有機物)을 첨가(添加)했을 때 지양성(地養性) 질소고정력(窒素固定力)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 알고져 실내시험(室內試驗)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 유기물(有機物) 첨가(添加)에 의(依)한 타양성(他養性) 질소고정(窒素固定) 미생물(微生物)의 질소고정력(窒素固定力)은 Glucose > 볏짚 > 퇴비(堆肥)의 순으로 높고 3개토양간(個土壤間)에 현저(顯著)한 차이(差異)가 있었다. 2. 탄소(炭素) 1g당(當) 질소고정력(窒素固定力)은 토양(土壤)에 따라 상이(相異)하나 담수(湛水)30일간(日間) 췌동(萃東)(한국(韓國)) 2.20mg, 홍소(鴻巢)(일본(日本)) 0.80mg, 그리고 Ratchaburi 토양(土壤)(태국(泰國))이 0.85mg/100g이였다. 3. 논토양(土壤)의 질소고정력(窒素固定力)은 근래(近來) 수년간(數年間) 유기물(有機物) 및 화학비료(化學肥料)를 전혀 시용(施用)하지 않은 토양(土壤)(Ratchabur) 및 화학비료(化學肥料)만을 시용(施用)한 토양(土壤)(홍소(鴻巢))에 비(比)하여 볏짚을 운용(運用)한 토양(土壤)(췌동통(萃東統))에서 현저(顯著)히 높았음. 4. 논토양(土壤) 질소고정미생물(窒素固定微生物)에 의(依)한 전질소(全窒素) 고정력(固定力)은 사질토양(砂質土壤)보다 식질토양(殖質土壤)에서 높으나 광합성(光合成) 질소고정(窒素固定) 미생물(微生物)에 의(依)한 질소고정력(窒素固定力)은 반대(反對)로 식질(殖質)보다 사질토양(砂質土壤)에서 높았다. The glucose application remarkably increased the heterotrophic acetylene reducing activities during one month incubation. The amount of the increases varied between the soils. Application of rice straw brought about the significant increases during incubation time. Compost contained the largest amount of available-N among the C-sources, and thereby brought the smallest increase in all soils. The cumulative fixed nitrogen with application of rice straw at 30 days incubation in the three experimented soils were highest in Hwadong clay soil, i.e, $2.2mg^N/100g$, intermediate in Ratchaburi soil $0.85mg^N$, and least in Konosu soil $0.80mg^N/100g$. On the other hand, nitrogen fixing heterotrophic, bacteria, such as Clostridia, aerobes and anaerobes, were remarkably increased by application of rice straw while Azotobacter and Beijerinkia were not. The cumulative fixed nitrogen was more pronounced in the clay soil than in the coarse loamy soil. More pronounced nitrogen fixing activities in light condition(heterotrophic + photosynthetic) than that in dark(heterotrophic) condition have been observed both in the coarse loamy and clay soils. The nitrogen fixing ability of photosynthetic microbes in paddy soil is probably higher in coarse loamy soil than in clay soil.
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KIM, JONG-SHIK,SAKAI, MASAO,LEE, SI-KYUNG,YAHANG, CHAHNG-SOOL,MATSUGUCHI, TATSUHIKI 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2001 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.11 No.1
In order to investigate the role of bacterial chemotaxis in root colonization, the chemotaxis potential of bacteria isolated from spinach roots was compared with that of bacteria from nonrhizosphere soil, with reference to the plant age (1,000isolates), soil moisture conditions (1,400isolates), and part of the root (200isolates). The % CT (% occurrence of chemotaxis (+) isolates among total bacterial isolates) of the root isolates significantly fluctuated during the plant growth period, reaching a maximum after 10-15 days of growth. At this time period, the maximum % CT for the root isolates was around 70-80% CT under a soil moisture of 50% WFP (% volume of waterfilled pores in total soil pores), and then gradually reduced with an increasing % WFP. The results of the chemotaxis potential of each of the 100 isolates from the spinach roots and nonrhizosphere soil under various % WFP demonstrated that the % CT of the root isolates were significantly higher than those of isolates from the nonrhizosphere soil under a wide range of soil moisture content (35-80% WFP). Furthermore, the % CT value (80%) from the upper root was significantly higher than that (55%) from the lower root. Compared with the % CT values of the roots, the values from the nonrhizosphere soil did not significantly vary relative to the plant age or % WFR These results indicate that chemotaxis would appear to be a major factor in bacterial root colonization.
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