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        Surface sediment geochemistry for understanding the recent sedimentary environment in northwestern Karnataka, south India

        Ishfaq Ahmad Mir,Aijaz A. Bhat,M. Sreeprabash,V. Sridhar,K.V. Maruthi 한국지질과학협의회 2022 Geosciences Journal Vol.26 No.6

        Geochemical study of 195 stream sediment samples (in less than 75 μm grain size) distributed in parts of Belgaum, Dharwad, and Uttar Kanada districts (bounded by latitudes from15°15'00'' to 15°30'00'' and longitudes from 74°30'00'' to 74°45'00'') were studied for the major oxide, trace and rare earth element content. The objective of this study is to understand the recent sedimentary environment by establishing the generalized climatic conditions, chemical weathering, sediment sorting and recycling, sediment sources, and the tectonic setting of the study area. Geochemical signatures of the sediments indicate a semi-arid to the moist climate in the study area. Geochemical proxies show that annual rainfall in the study area varies from 378 to 692 mm, higher in the western part compared to that in the eastern side. The chemical index of alteration (67.70–94.01) and chemical index of weathering (76.24–97.37) collectively suggest moderate to high chemical weathering. Studied samples show a wide variation in major oxides and trace elements. Fe2O3, MnO, K2O, P2O5, Rb, Zr, and Sc display a positive correlation with Al2O3 confirming their possible hydraulic fractionation. Zr/Sc vs. Th/Sc plot and correlation between CIA vs. Al2O3 indicate strong sediment recycling and sorting. Bulk geochemistry data suggests the involvement of granite and other felsic rocks, intermediate and mafic rocks as the sources of surface sediments. Our observations are very well matching with the geology of the area. Major and trace element set of discrimination diagrams demarcates the passive margin settings for the studied samples, except for a few samples plotting into an active continental margin tectonic settings.

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