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2017年の日本国民法(債權法改)定で約款規制(定型約款)を規制
Koyama Akimoto 서강대학교 법학연구소 2019 서강법률논총 Vol.8 No.1
In this presentation, we will examine the contents of the regulation of terms and conditions in the Japanese Civil Code. First, Article 548-2 of the Civil Code stipulates the two requirements for the agreement of terms contracts in a special form. According to the above provision, if a person has agreed to the intent of the contents of formal terms and conditions (subparagraph 1) or if a 'formal terms and conditions preparer' has indicated the contractual contents of the contractual terms to the other party in advance (subparagraph 2), it is deemed that the counterparties of the formal terms and conditions reached an agreement to the individual clauses. In addition, pursuant to Article 548-3 (1) of the Civil Code of Japan, it is stipulated that, in the case where the other party makes a request, the preparer of the formal contract must present the contents of the formal contract, and there is no obligation to disclose. About this, from the viewpoint of consumer protection, it is desirable to make the principle of preliminary disclosure of the contents of the agreement and the requirements of the agreement of the counterparty customer in principle, and to revise the deemed provision to the presumed provision. There is criticism that it is necessary to recognize the right of withdrawal and cancellation from the contract according to the amendment of the terms and conditions. In addition, since the "unspecified majority" customers are almost consumers for the "regular transaction", the regulation concerning the formal terms and conditions is often overlapped with the discipline concerning the consumer transaction contract. Second, Paragraph 2 of Article 548-2 excludes the case of violation of the basic principle of the good faith in the light of the type of regular transaction, its conditions and the social common notion in transaction and unilaterally harming the other party's profits from the deemed agreement. The above provision stipulates that the binding of the parties to the provisions of the formal contract shall not be construed solely in terms of the contents of the provision, but that the other party shall not be bound by the fact that the other party does not clearly recognize the provision. 本発表文では, 日本民法改正に示された約款規制の内容を見てみよう. まず, 日本民法第548条の2は, 二つの定型約款の合意議題の要件を規定している. 上記の規定によれば, 定型取引合意をした者は, 定型約款を契約内容とした旨の合意をした場合(第1号), "定型約款準備者"が事前にその定型約款を契約内容とした趣旨を相手方に示した場合(第2号), 定型約款個別の条項に対しても合意したとみている. また, 日本 民法第548条の3第1項によれば, 相手方が請求した場合には, 定型約款の準備者は, 定型約款の内容を提示しなければならないとして請求がない限り, 約款内容の事前開示義務がないと規定している. これに対し, 消費者保護の観点からは, 約款内容の原則的な事前開示と相手方の顧客同意の要件を原則化し, 擬制規定を推定規定に改定することが望ましく, 約款変更によって相手方に契約で撤回権, 解約権を認めることが必要だという批判がある. また, "定型取引"については, "不特定多数"の顧客は, ほぼ消費者であるといえるため, 定型約款に関する規律は, 消費者取引約款に関する規律と重複するものが多い. 次に, 第548条の2第2項では, 定型取引の態樣とその実情及び取引上の社会通念に照 らして信義則の基本原則に違反し, 相手側の利益を一方的に害すると認められる場合は 合意議題から外しているところ, 上の条項は定型約款のうち, 条項に当事者拘束の可否 は当該条項の内容面で不当性だけを考えるのではなく, 相手が当該条項を明確に認識で きないことを追加して相手がこれに拘束されないものとしたものである.
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2017年の日本国民法(債權法改)定で約款規制(定型約款)を規制
小山康史(Koyama Akimoto) 서강대학교 법학연구소 2019 서강법률논총 Vol.8 No.1
In this presentation, we will examine the contents of the regulation of terms and conditions in the Japanese Civil Code. First, Article 548-2 of the Civil Code stipulates the two requirements for the agreement of terms contracts in a special form. According to the above provision, if a person has agreed to the intent of the contents of formal terms and conditions (subparagraph 1) or if a `formal terms and conditions preparer` has indicated the contractual contents of the contractual terms to the other party in advance (subparagraph 2), it is deemed that the counterparties of the formal terms and conditions reached an agreement to the individual clauses. In addition, pursuant to Article 548-3 (1) of the Civil Code of Japan, it is stipulated that, in the case where the other party makes a request, the preparer of the formal contract must present the contents of the formal contract, and there is no obligation to disclose. About this, from the viewpoint of consumer protection, it is desirable to make the principle of preliminary disclosure of the contents of the agreement and the requirements of the agreement of the counterparty customer in principle, and to revise the deemed provision to the presumed provision. There is criticism that it is necessary to recognize the right of withdrawal and cancellation from the contract according to the amendment of the terms and conditions. In addition, since the "unspecified majority" customers are almost consumers for the "regular transaction", the regulation concerning the formal terms and conditions is often overlapped with the discipline concerning the consumer transaction contract. Second, Paragraph 2 of Article 548-2 excludes the case of violation of the basic principle of the good faith in the light of the type of regular transaction, its conditions and the social common notion in transaction and unilaterally harming the other party"s profits from the deemed agreement. The above provision stipulates that the binding of the parties to the provisions of the formal contract shall not be construed solely in terms of the contents of the provision, but that the other party shall not be bound by the fact that the other party does not clearly recognize the provision.
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