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Kohtaroh Shutoh,Takashi Yamanouchi,Syou Kato,Hiroki Yamagishi,Yusuke Ueno,Shiori Hiramatsu,Jun Nishihiro,Takashi shiga 국립중앙과학관 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.12 No.3
A small semiartificial pond, revealing high species richness with respect to the aquatic macrophytes, was studied in the Aomori Prefecture, Japan. The pond had been completely formed ca. 10 years previously after excavation into a wet bog. To identify and evaluate its aquatic macrophyte flora during 2017–2018, we listed the species of aquatic vascular plants and charophytes in the pond and compared this list with those from the natural Japanese lakes using a database of aquatic flora in Japan. Two species were identified by molecular analyses because they lacked any reproductive organs, which were necessary for identifying the species level. We found a total of 57 taxa of aquatic macrophytes including 15 Red List species in Japan or Aomori Prefecture. Comparing the flora list with those from the 66 natural Japanese lakes surveyed since 2001, the pond was ranked fourth in the order of diversity (based on species richness) and rarity (based on numbers of Red List species). Therefore, the pond is an important aquatic environment in terms of aquatic macrophyte conservation in Japan. Interestingly, for a pond with such high species diversity, it is relatively small (0.14 km2), semiartificial, and relatively recently formed.
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Kohtaroh Shutoh,Tomoki Hirose,Takashi Shibahara,Takashi Shibahara,Mami Yamazaki,Takashi shiga 국립중앙과학관 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.15 No.4
Potamogeton praelongus Wulfen is an aquatic macrophyte that is critically endangered in Japan. Althoughit is widely distributed throughout the boreal climatic zone, several European countries also recognize itas an endangered species. In Japan, it was once widely distributed throughout Hokkaido but has dis appeared or reduced in abundance at its known locations. During 2020e2021, we discovered five newlocations of this species in Wakkanai-shi and Sarufutsu-mura, Northern Hokkaido. Growing conditionsmust be suitable for this species in three of the five locations as it is present with several reproductiveshoots or is widely distributed in source pond or lake. However, conditions were poor in the other twolocations because few shoots were found or plants were observed only in 2020. Environmental condi tions in the new locations were similar to those reported in Europe and North America. In three of thefour locations at Wakkanai-shi, P. praelongus was distributed mainly along the eastern shore facing sanddunes or hills, suggesting that the distribution of this species depends on groundwater springs flowingfrom sand dunes or hills. Further populations may be discovered in the future by intensively surveyingareas near springs since many sand dune lakes and similar environments are present in Hokkaido.
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Kazumasa Tsubota,Kohtaroh Shutoh,Syou Kato,최혁재,Takashi shiga 국립중앙과학관 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.12 No.1
The aquatic plant Sagittaria aginashi, which is an endangered emergent species distributed in SouthKorea, Japan, and the Russian Far East, has an unclear phylogeny and genetic structure. Phylogenetic treesof Sagittaria were constructed based on one nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) region and on threechloroplast DNA (cpDNA) regions. S. aginashi was included in a clade comprising three endemic ChineseSagitarria species characterized by the presence of small tubercles at the base of the axils. Furthermore,phylogenetic trees based on cpDNA sequences indicated that S. aginashi was more closely related toS. tengtsungensis than to two other species. S. aginashi exhibited little genetic variation, suggesting thatthis species had rapidly spread in these areas. With regard to factors associated with the rapid spread, weconsidered that multiple dispersal methods were involved, namely hydrochory via tubercles, endozoochorous long-distance dispersal, and anthropogenic impacts of rice farming on S. aginashi dispersal.
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Ha Thi Thanh Tran,Duc Anh Truong,Viet Duc Ly,Hao Thi Vu,Tuan Van Hoang,Chinh Thi Nguyen,Nhu Thi Chu,Vinh The Nguyen,Duyen Thuy Nguyen,Kohtaroh Miyazawa,Takehiro Kokuho,Hoang Vu Dang 대한백신학회 2020 Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research Vol.9 No.1
Purpose: To date, many kinds of classical swine fever (CSF) vaccines have been developed to protect against this disease. However, the efficacy of these vaccines to protect the pig against field CSF strains needs to be considered, based on circulating strains of classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Materials and Methods: Recombinant E2-CSFV protein produced by baculovirus/insect cell system was analyzed by western blots and immunoperoxidase monolayer assay. The effect of CSFV-E2 subunit vaccines was evaluated in experimental pigs with three genotypes of CSFV challenge. Anti-E2 specific and neutralizing antibodies in experimental pigs were analyzed by blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization peroxidize-linked assay. Results: The data showed that CSFV VN91-E2 subunit vaccine provided clinical protection in pigs against three different genotypes of CSFV without noticeable clinical signs, symptoms, and mortality. In addition, no CSFV was isolated from the spleen of the vaccinated pigs. However, the unvaccinated pigs exhibited high clinical scores and the successful virus isolation from spleen. These results showed that the E2-specific and neutralizing antibodies induced by VN91-E2 antigen appeared at day 24 after first boost and a significant increase was observed at day 28 (p<0.01). This response reached a peak at day 35 and continued until day 63 when compared to controls. Importantly, VN91-E2 induced E2-specific and neutralizing antibodies protected experimental pigs against high virulence of CSFVs circulating in Vietnam, including genotype 1.1, 2.1, and 2.2. Conclusion: These findings also suggested that CSFV VN91-E2 subunit vaccine could be a promising vaccine candidate for the control and prevention of CSFV in Vietnam.
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