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Electromechanically Tunable Carbon Nanofiber Photonic Crystal
Rehammar, Robert,Ghavanini, Farzan Alavian,Magnusson, Roger,Kinaret, Jari M.,Enoksson, Peter,Arwin, Hans,Campbell, Eleanor E. B. American Chemical Society 2013 Nano letters Vol.13 No.2
<P>We demonstrate an electrically tunable 2D photonic crystal array constructed from vertically aligned carbon nanofibers. The nanofibers are actuated by applying a voltage between adjacent carbon nanofiber pairs grown directly on metal electrodes, thus dynamically changing the form factor of the photonic crystal lattice. The change in optical properties is characterized using optical diffraction and ellipsometry. The experimental results are shown to be in agreement with theoretical predictions and provide a proof-of-principle for rapidly switchable photonic crystals operating in the visible that can be fabricated using standard nanolithography techniques combined with plasma CVD growth of the nanofibers.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2013/nalefd.2013.13.issue-2/nl3035527/production/images/medium/nl-2012-035527_0004.gif'></P>
Optical properties of carbon nanofiber photonic crystals
Rehammar, R,Magnusson, R,Fernandez-Dominguez, A I,Arwin, H,Kinaret, J M,Maier, S A,Campbell, E E B IOP Pub 2010 Nanotechnology Vol.21 No.46
<P>Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are used as components of planar photonic crystals. Square and rectangular lattices and random patterns of vertically aligned CNFs were fabricated and their properties studied using ellipsometry. We show that detailed information such as symmetry directions and the band structure of these novel materials can be extracted from considerations of the polarization state in the specular beam. The refractive index of the individual nanofibers was found to be <I>n</I><SUB>CNF</SUB> = 4.1. </P>
Carbon nanotube field effect transistors with suspended graphene gates.
Svensson, Johannes,Lindahl, Niklas,Yun, Hoyeol,Seo, Miri,Midtvedt, Daniel,Tarakanov, Yury,Lindvall, Niclas,Nerushev, Oleg,Kinaret, Jari,Lee, Sangwook,Campbell, Eleanor E B American Chemical Society 2011 Nano letters Vol.11 No.9
<P>Novel field effect transistors with suspended graphene gates are demonstrated. By incorporating mechanical motion of the gate electrode, it is possible to improve the switching characteristics compared to a static gate, as shown by a combination of experimental measurements and numerical simulations. The mechanical motion of the graphene gate is confirmed by using atomic force microscopy to directly measure the electrostatic deflection. The device geometry investigated here can also provide a sensitive measurement technique for detecting high-frequency motion of suspended membranes as required, e.g., for mass sensing.</P>