在來種大豆와 野生種大豆의 種實變異에 關한 硏究

S. H. Kwon(權臣漢),K. H. Im(任建爀),J. R. Kim(金在利) 한국육종학회 1972 한국육종학회지 Vol.4 No.1

本 試驗에서는 中部以南 全域에서 蒐集한 一般農家栽培種, 命名된 在來品種, 野生種, 美國, 臺灣, 越南에서 導入한 品種, 그리고 野生種과 栽培種間의 交配後代에 對한 種實重의 變異를 調査하였다. 1. 農家傳來種의 種實重의 分散은 뚜렸한 2個의 頂點을 갖이는 曲線을 그리고 있으며 이는 우리나라 現在 大豆를 크게 두個 集團으로 區分해 볼 수 있음을 나타내는 것으로 그 平均 百粒重은 各各 12g와 24g 이었다. 2. 農家傳來種의 分布를 보면 南部地方에는 小粒種이 많이 栽培되고 있고 中部地方에서는 大粒 乃至中粒種이 栽培되는 傾向을 알 수 있었다. 一般的으로 우리나라 大豆는 外國種에 比해 大粒型이 많이 栽培되고 있으며 全國에서 蒐集한 500餘種에 對한 平均百粒重은 22.2g이었으며 最高 44.8g서부터 最低 6.2g까지였다. 3. 우리나라 栽培種의 最低 百粒重 6.2g는 野生種中間型 百粒童 7.4g보다 작았다. 野生種과 栽培種間의 交雜은 容易하였으며 F₁와 F₃의 種實重은 兩母品種 사이에 分布하였으며 F₂의 一粒重 平均은 兩親의 幾何平均에 近似하였다. This investigation was conducted to determine the variation of seed weight for land races, local named varieties, wild type collections, some introduced varieties, and F₂and F₃generations of a cross between cultivar and wild type of soybeans. Land races currently grown by farmers were consisted with distinctly different two groups and averages of seed weight of the groups were 12g and 24g respectively. In general, the soybenan seeds grown in southern part of Korean peninsular were smaller than the seeds collected in middle part of the peninsula. The cultivars grown in Korea are relatively large in seed size in comparison with the varieties grown in other countries. The seed weight of the collected land races ranged between 44.8 grams per 100 seeds and 6.2 grams and the average weight was 22.2 grams. Seed weight of F₂and F₃generations of a cross between wild and intermediate type ranged between parents and the average weight per seed of F₂generation was close to the value of geometric mean of the parents.

高蛋白大豆系統의 集團選拔을 爲한 比重法의 利用

S.H. Kwon(權臣漢),K.H. Im(任建爀),J.Y. Yoo(兪在潤),J.R. Kim(金在利) 한국육종학회 1971 한국육종학회지 Vol.3 No.1

1. 放射線處理 또는 雜種初期世代의 集團에 있어서 大豆種實內 蛋白質含量을 化學的 分析을 거치지 않고 簡易檢定하여 高蛋白系統을 容易하게 選拔하기 爲한 方法을 究明하려는데 그 目的이 있다. 2. 供試된 大豆品種으로는 國內 장려品種은 勿論, 美國, 臺灣, 越南, 日本等 廣範하게 蒐集한 42個 品種이었으며 比重液으로는 Ethyl Alcohol과 四鹽化炭素를 混合하여 比重이 1.200에서 부터 1.300까지 11階段으로 나누어 品種의 比重을 測定하였으며 種實中의 蛋白質의 定量은 Micro-Kjeldahl 法에 依해 全窒素量을 求하고 이에 6.25를 乘하여 粗蛋白質含量으로 하였다. 3. 比重과 蛋白質含量과는 正의 相關을 보였으며 그 係數는 0.8464이였다. 4. 우리나라 品種만을 對象으로 해서 比重과 蛋白質含量間의 相關을 求하면 그 値가 0.49이었으며 美國品種만을 모아서 보면 0.81이었다. 5. 一般的으로 우리나라 大豆는 中粒 乃至는 大粒이고 熱帶施方의 品種은 極小粒이었으며 越南品種은 모두 比重도 높고蛋白質含量도 높으므로 高蛋白品種育成을 爲한 交配親으로 利用될수 있을 것이다. 6. 種實의 比重과 蛋白質含量間에는 高度로 有意한 相關關係가 있었으며 比重法을 利用하여 大集團에서 簡易하게 高蛋白系統을 選拔할수 있음을 證明하였다. A method based on specific gravity of seeds for protein content determination for mass screening in soybeans has been developed. The method makes use of various specific gravity solutions of carbon tetrachloride and ethyl alcohol mixture and was applied to determine the specific gravity soybean seeds collected from Japan, Taiwan, United States, Viet-Nam and Korea. Total protein in these varieties were determined by micro-Kjeldahl method according to the AOAC procedure. High correlation coefficient (r=0.8464) was obtained between specific gravity and protein content of seeds. From the results obtained, the proposed method is a convenient procedure to use in mass screening in soybean for protein content. Also, the study revealed that soybean seeds collected from Viet-Nam were high in protein as compared to local varieties while the former, in general, were smaller than in Korean varieties in seed size.

熱中性子에 依한 大豆의 耐開莢性 品種育成

S. H. Kwon(權臣漢),K. H. Im(任建爀),J. R. Kim(金在利) 한국육종학회 1973 한국육종학회지 Vol.5 No.2

In order to obtain shattering resistant mutants in a variety Chungbuk-Baik, which is extremely susceptible in shattering at maturity, seeds of the variety were irradiated with thermal neutrons. The results obtained for three generations (M₆-M₈) are summarized as follows: 1. Shattering in the 5 selected lines were singnificantly decreased as compare with the control variety Chungbuk-Baik and singificant differences in shattering among selected lines and years were not found. 2. Yield at maturity without consideration of shattering was slightly lower in the selected lines as compare to the control variety Chungbuk-Baik, whereas seed size, number of branches, number of pods and lodging were similar to those of control. 3. A selected line CS-15-15-P was of great promise in shattering and other agronomic characters.

大豆品種間의 放射線感受性差에 關한 硏究

S. H. Kwon(權臣漢),K. H. Im(任建爀) 한국육종학회 1973 한국육종학회지 Vol.5 No.1

In order to determine differences of radiosensitivity of soybean varieties collected from Korea, U.S., Taiwan and Vietnam, dried seeds were irradiated with gamma-rays. The criteria. of radio-sensitivity were judged with seedling height and root length. 1. Varietal differences in radio-sensitivity were found and 50 per cent of growth retardations were observed from 10kR to 20kR; in seedling height and from 25kR to 35 kR in root length. Difference of growth retardation in root length was not found above 45 kR. 2. Dose-respons curves could be approximated by following general equation irrespective of the varietal sensitivity. l/lo=l-(l-e-KD)⁴. D is an experimental dose and K value is sensitivity constant. The radiosensitivity of a variety can be expressed only by the K value in the equation irrespective of dose used. 3. Positive correlation between seedling and root growth was shown in D_(50). By comparison degree of inhibition of seedling and root growth with that of average in control, It was indicated that two characters were same at low doses, while inhibition in seeedling growth was more severe than root growth at high closes. Therefore it was found that in soybean seedling height was more useful as a criterion for radio-sensitivity than root length.

放射線을 利用한 大豆의 早熟性新品種育成

S.H. Kwon(權臣漢),K.H. Im(任建爀),M.S. Kim(金萬壽) 한국육종학회 1973 한국육종학회지 Vol.5 No.1

The soybean variety Kumkang-Dai-Rip is one of the leading varieties in the middle part of Korean peninsula and possesses many excellent characters except the late maturity. The lateness bring about difficulties in the barley-soybean cropping system widely practiced in the middle part of Korea. For this reason, the aim of this study was to obtain early maturing mutant without changes in other characters from the original variety Kumkang-Dai Rip. 4,000 M₁seeds derived from X-ray irradiation were planted in 1963. From these progenies, several early maturing mutants were selected and various characters were studied for 7 years period up to 1972. Eventually one promising line, KEX-2, was selected and the important characteristics are summarized in following. 1. The selected line, KEX-2, was matured 11 days earlier than the original variety, Kumkang-Dai-Rip and more or less similar to the variety Chungbuk-Baik which is considered as standard variety for maturity in the middle part of Korean peninsula. However, the yield increase in 128㎏ per hectare in the selected line KEX-2 with compare to the original variety was observed. 2. In the selected line KEX-2, slight decreases in seed weight and oil content, and increases in lodging, plant height and number of pods per plant from the original variety Kumkang-Dai-Rip were found, however, the differences were not statistically significant. 3. The heritability values for maturity and flowering were 81.1% and 81.3%, respectively. Fairly large heritability values were also observed for the seed weight and seed yield. These results indicate that the selection for the important agronomic characters in KEX-2 is considered to be reliable. 4. The selected line KEX-2 was significantly different from the original variety in maturity, seed yield and protein content, and from the check variety Chungbuk-Baik in plant height, seed weight and protein content. These results imply that the selected line KEX-2 has been originated as a mutant induced by X-ray irradiation from the original variety Kumkang-Dai-Rip. 5. The selected line KEX-2 will be a first soybean variety improved by means of mutation breeding in Korea and it will be adapted in barley-soybean cropping system in the middle part of Korean peninsula.

在來種大豆의 主要 形質特性

S.H. Kwon(權臣漢),J.R. Kim,(金在利)H.S. Song(宋禧燮),K.H. Im(任建爀) 한국육종학회 1974 한국육종학회지 Vol.6 No.1

782 local soybean lines currently grown by Korean farmers were collected in the Korean peninsula and studied their important agronomic traits for two years grown at the Experimental Farm of the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute in Seoul. About 13 percent of these collected lines have produced seeds over 1,000㎏ per hectar and some of them wee apparently superior to the leading varieties grown in the identical conditions. Maximum seed size within this collected population was 42.4g per 100 seeds and 17 percent of this population posesses of seed size over .30 g/100seed. 66 percent of the population was belong to the maturity group IV and V and maturity group 00 and over VII were not found from the collection. Plant height was ranged from 126㎝ to 45㎝ and frequency distribution for plant height shows normal curve. Seed yield possitively correlated with seed size, while negatively associated with flowering, maturity, and plant height.

主要 導入大豆品種의 形質變異와 相關

S. H. Kwon(權臣漢),K. H. Im(任建爀),J. R. Kim(金在利) 한국육종학회 1973 한국육종학회지 Vol.5 No.2

This investigation was conducted to evaluate various agronomic characters of soybean varieties introduced from U.S.A., Japan, Taiwan and Vietnam. The yields of introduced varieties were ranged from 1292 kg/ha to 129 kg/ha. This result indicates that introduced varieties were not extremely superior over local varieties (18 major varieties) tested under identical environment. Whereas, some varieties possess definitely superior characters in plant height, number of nodes, number of podes, number of branches, and maturity. Since no varieties possessing high yield with high protein were found in this investigation, extensive gene source collection has to be practiced.

小麥鞘葉에 미치는 감마線의 影響

S. H. Kwon(權臣漢),K. H. Im(任建爀),H. W. Kim(金昊元),M. H. Heo(許萬浩) 한국육종학회 1975 한국육종학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Length of coleoptile, number of cells and cell length per vertical column in coleoptiles were observed in dormant seeds of three wheat varieties, Yuksung 3. 12 SE, and Young-Kwang, exposed to various doses of Co-60 gamma rays. Length of coleoptiles was significantly decreased with the increase of gamma ray doses up to 30kR, whereas it was not changed in higher doses over 30kR. Number of cells was also decreased inversely with radiation dose by 60 kR which may be due to suppression of cell division, however constant number of cells was observed in higher doses over 60 kR. Consequently, number of cells found at higher doses was considered as the basic number of cells formed already in embryo. From this point, it was concluded that growth of the coleoptile of seedlings from seeds irradiated with higher doses was dependent upon a elongation of a basic number of cells, even though suppression of cell division occurs by irradiation with high doses.

在來栽培種 大豆의 形質變異와 形質間의 相關

S. H. Kwon(權臣漢),K. H. Im(任建爀),J. R. Kim(金在利),H. S. Song(宋禧燮) 한국육종학회 1972 한국육종학회지 Vol.4 No.2

The soybeans, currently grown by Korean farmers, have been grown for many centuries without artificial improvement and it may result an accumulation in abundance of variances. In order to collect the gene sources and to select superior lines from the land races, a continuous collection was made in all part of the country and planted on line bases to study the character and interrelationships among the characters. The average flowering dates were 67 days in the collected population which is earlier than the one studied in the named local varieties. High correlation coefficient was observed between flowering and maturity. Negative correlations between seed yield and maturity or flowering were found, which is contradictory to other reports. The maturity of this population was ranged from 106 days to 151 days and highly correlated with plant height, number of nodes per plant and seed weight. Average plant height in the collected population was small as compare to the average height of named local varieties. Variance for lodging and disease were relatively large. Consequently, there are some possibilities to obtain useful gene sources for resistant to lodging and diseases. Protein content showed negative correlations with oil content, seed yield, flowering and seed weight, whereas positive correlations with plant height and maturity were observed. Since the small plot size for yield estimate the result was not fully reliable, but the relative seed yield among the collected lines ranged from 60 to 3,484 ㎏/㏊ and it is meaningful in breeding for high yielding varieties.

地方 蒐集系統 大豆의 蛋白質 및 脂肪含量의 變異 (Ⅰ)

S. H. Kwon(權臣漢),K. H. Im(任建爀),J. R. Kim(金在利) 한국육종학회 1972 한국육종학회지 Vol.4 No.1

In order to investigate the fundamental informations on protein and oil contents in the soybean land races currently grown by Korean farmers, over 500 land races were collected from the Korean peninsula. From which 211 lines for protein and 172 lines for oil were analyzed and the results are summarized as follows; 1. Protein contents range from 36.26% to 53.72% with the variability coefficient of 5.70%. The average of protein content for the 211 lines is 43.65%. In general, land races possess higher protein content as compare to the named local varieties and introductions. Variances for protein of land races are also greater than those in the named local varieties. 2. Oil contents range between 21.4% and 10.9%, and the average is 17.4 %. This result shows that oil content in the land races is extremely lower than that in the introductions. A negative correlation between oil and protein is found. 3. These results suggest that the land races possessing high protein content may play an important role in an improvement for protein content in soybean breeding whereas those are of no use in an improvement for oil content. Since the great diversity of the land races, there is some possibilities to find high oil lines if an extensive collection is made. 本 硏究는 그 形質特性이 多樣한 우리나라 在來의 大豆 500餘種을 全國的으로 蒐集하고 그 중 211系統에 對한 蛋白質含量과 172 系統에 對한 脂肪含量을 調査하였으며 高蛋白質 및 高脂肪系統의 固定과 新品種育成의 育種素材를 提示할 目的으로 遂行되었다. 1. 供試된 系統에서 蛋白質含量의 變異範圍는 最低 36.26%로부터 最高 53.72% 이였으며 全國平均은 43.65%이었다. 이는 旣存 命名栽培品種보다 그 平均含量에 있어서나 變異幅에 있어서 컸으며 外來品種에 比해서는 越等히 컸다. 2. 脂肪含量은 最高 21.4%에서 最低 10.9%이었으며 平均 17.4%이었으며 이는 外來品種에 比해 越等히 낮았으며 蛋白質含量과는 負의 相關關係 (-0.22**)가 있었다. 3. 우리나라 在來種은 高蛋白系統 育成을 爲하여 大端히 좋은 育種素材가 될 수 있음이 分明하나 高脂肪系統 育成을 爲한 材料로서는 不適當하며 外國育成品種에 依存함이 좋은 것이다. 高蛋白 및 高脂肪系統의 同時 育咸은 難望하나 보다 廣範한 系統蒐集으로 이들 難關을 克服 할 수 있는 可能性이 完全히 封鎖된 것은 아니고 앞으로 더 깊은 調査의 餘地가 多分히 있는 것이다.