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Alternative Nanostructures for Thermophones
Aliev, Ali E.,Mayo, Nathanael K.,Jung de Andrade, Monica,Robles, Raquel O.,Fang, Shaoli,Baughman, Ray H.,Zhang, Mei,Chen, Yongsheng,Lee, Jae Ah,Kim, Seon Jeong American Chemical Society 2015 ACS NANO Vol.9 No.5
<P>Thermophones are highly promising for applications such as high-power SONAR arrays, flexible loudspeakers, and noise cancellation devices. So far, freestanding carbon nanotube aerogel sheets provide the most attractive performance as a thermoacoustic heat source. However, the limited accessibility of large-size freestanding carbon nanotube aerogel sheets and other even more exotic materials recently investigated hampers the field. We describe alternative materials for a thermoacoustic heat source with high-energy conversion efficiency, additional functionalities, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective production technologies. We discuss the thermoacoustic performance of alternative nanostructured materials and compare their spectral and power dependencies of sound pressure in air. We demonstrate that the heat capacity of aerogel-like nanostructures can be extracted by a thorough analysis of the sound pressure spectra. The study presented here focuses on engineering thermal gradients in the vicinity of nanostructures and subsequent heat dissipation processes from the interior of encapsulated thermoacoustic projectors. Applications of thermoacoustic projectors for high-power SONAR arrays, sound cancellation, and optimal thermal design, regarding enhanced energy conversion efficiency, are discussed.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2015/ancac3.2015.9.issue-5/nn507117a/production/images/medium/nn-2014-07117a_0014.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn507117a'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
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Artificial Muscles from Fishing Line and Sewing Thread
Haines, Carter S.,Lima, Má,rcio D.,Li, Na,Spinks, Geoffrey M.,Foroughi, Javad,Madden, John D. W.,Kim, Shi Hyeong,Fang, Shaoli,Jung de Andrade, Mô,nica,Gö,ktepe, Fatma,Gö,ktepe, &Oum American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2014 Science Vol.343 No.6173
<P><B>Toward an Artificial Muscle</B></P><P>In designing materials for artificial muscles, the goals are to find those that will combine high strokes, high efficiency, long cycle life, low hysteresis, and low cost. Now, <B>Haines <I>et al.</I></B> (p. 868; see the Perspective by <B>Yuan and Poulin</B>) show that this is possible. Twisting high-strength, readily available polymer fibers, such as those used for fishing lines or sewing thread, to the point where they coil up, allowed construction of highly efficient actuators that could be triggered by a number of stimuli.</P>
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