http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
랜세트 - 5호 TM 데이타를 이용한 구분후 (區分后) 비교 및 영상대차의 (映像對差) 습지대 변화 탐지 (探知) 기법에 관한 비교연구
정성학(Song Hak Choung),Joseph J . Ulliman(Joseph J . Ulliman) 한국산림과학회 1992 한국산림과학회지 Vol.81 No.4
The extensive Snake River floodplain in Northwest United States has experienced major changes in water channels and vegetation types due to floodings. To detect the change of wetland cover-types for the period of 1985 and 1988, post-classification comparison and image differencing change detection techniques were evaluated using Landsat-5 TM digital data. Differenced infrared-band images indicated better accuracy indices than any visible-band images. A thresholding technique was applied to identify the change ;ind no change categories from the transformed images produced by image differencing, The problems in using different accuracy indices, including the Kappa coefficient of agreement, overall accuracy, producer`s accuracy, user`s accuracy, and average accuracy(based on both the producer`s and user`s accuracy approaches) in determining an optimal threshold level, were examined.
Kim, Deok-Song,Hosmillo, Myra,Alfajaro, Mia Madel,Kim, Ji-Yun,Park, Jun-Gyu,Son, Kyu-Yeol,Ryu, Eun-Hye,Sorgeloos, Frederic,Kwon, Hyung-Jun,Park, Su-Jin,Lee, Woo Song,Cho, Duck,Kwon, Joseph,Choi, Jong- Public Library of Science 2014 PLoS pathogens Vol.10 No.6
<▼1><P>Sapovirus, a member of the <I>Caliciviridae</I> family, is an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans and pigs. Currently, the porcine sapovirus (PSaV) Cowden strain remains the only cultivable member of the <I>Sapovirus</I> genus. While some caliciviruses are known to utilize carbohydrate receptors for entry and infection, a functional receptor for sapovirus is unknown. To characterize the functional receptor of the Cowden strain of PSaV, we undertook a comprehensive series of protein-ligand biochemical assays in mock and PSaV-infected cell culture and/or piglet intestinal tissue sections. PSaV revealed neither hemagglutination activity with red blood cells from any species nor binding activity to synthetic histo-blood group antigens, indicating that PSaV does not use histo-blood group antigens as receptors. Attachment and infection of PSaV were markedly blocked by sialic acid and <I>Vibrio cholerae</I> neuraminidase (NA), suggesting a role for α2,3-linked, α2,6-linked or α2,8-linked sialic acid in virus attachment. However, viral attachment and infection were only partially inhibited by treatment of cells with sialidase S (SS) or <I>Maackia amurensis</I> lectin (MAL), both specific for α2,3-linked sialic acid, or <I>Sambucus nigra</I> lectin (SNL), specific for α2,6-linked sialic acid. These results indicated that PSaV recognizes both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids for viral attachment and infection. Treatment of cells with proteases or with benzyl 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (benzylGalNAc), which inhibits <I>O</I>-linked glycosylation, also reduced virus binding and infection, whereas inhibition of glycolipd synthesis or <I>N</I>-linked glycosylation had no such effect on virus binding or infection. These data suggest PSaV binds to cellular receptors that consist of α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids on glycoproteins attached via <I>O</I>-linked glycosylation.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Although enteropathogenic sapoviruses and noroviruses are leading causes of acute gastroenteritis in both humans and animals, the study of viral pathogenesis and immunity of these ubiquitous pathogens has been hampered due to the lack of a fully permissive cell culture system. Porcine sapovirus Cowden strain provides a suitable system that can be used to identify the molecular mechanisms of viral pathogenesis. Previous studies have shown that carbohydrates and glycolipids play important roles in the attachment of members of the <I>Caliciviridae</I>; histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) are used by <I>Norovirus</I> genogroups I to IV, as well as members of the <I>Lagovirus</I>, and <I>Recovirus</I> genera, whereas terminal sialic acid is recognized as a receptor for feline calicivirus and murine norovirus. To date, however, the role of carbohydrates in the life cycle of sapoviruses has remained largely unknown. We found that porcine sapovirus binds to susceptible host cells through both α2,3- and α2,6-linked terminal sialic acids which are attached to <I>O</I>-linked glycoproteins. These efforts, findings and insights will significantly contribute to a better understanding of the sapovirus life cycle.</P></▼2>
Song, Minseok,Oh, Joseph,Kim, Jonghyun,Kim, Youngchul,Yi, Jaeshin,Kim, Yeonho,Kim, Hyunsoo SAGE Publications 2014 Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engin Vol.228 No.1
<P>In this paper, an electric oil pump control algorithm for an automatic-transmission-based hybrid electric vehicle was proposed. Dynamic models of the hybrid electric vehicle powertrain and hydraulic control system, including a mechanical oil pump and an electric oil pump, were obtained, and a hybrid electric vehicle performance simulator was developed. Also, a flow consumption model of the hydraulic control system was constructed. To represent the characteristics of the hydraulic control system according to the change in the temperature of the automatic transmission fluid, a viscosity index concept was introduced. Based on the simulation and test results, a viscosity index–line pressure–electric oil pump power map was proposed to describe the power supply requirement according to the viscosity index and the required line pressure. Using the viscosity index–line pressure–electric oil pump power map, an electric oil pump control algorithm was suggested to control the electric oil pump by using multi-stage power for a given viscosity index. The mechanical oil pump speed at which the electric oil pump is turned off was obtained on the basis of the flow consumption model. The electric oil pump control algorithm was evaluated by experiments and simulations. The proposed electric oil pump control algorithm satisfied the target line pressure requirement according to the viscosity index. In addition, an electric oil pump control strategy during an automatic transmission gear shift was suggested for the situation in which the maximum line pressure required for the gear shift cannot be achieved by only the mechanical oil pump. The electric-oil-pump-assisted power was determined from the flow consumption model and the mechanical oil pump speed considering the gear shift. The simulation results confirmed that the electric oil pump control strategy satisfied the maximum line pressure during a gear shift.</P>
Song, Minseok,Oh, Joseph,Choi, Seokhwan,Kim, Yeonho,Kim, Hyunsoo The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2013 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.8 No.4
In this paper, a motor control algorithm for performing a mode change without an integrated starter generator (ISG) is suggested for the automatic transmission-based hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). Dynamic models of the HEV powertrains such as engine, motor, and mode clutch are derived for the transient state during the mode change, and the HEV performance simulator is developed. Using the HEV performance bench tester, the characteristics of the mode clutch torque are measured and the motor torque required for the mode clutch synchronization is determined. Based on the dynamic models and the mode clutch torque, a motor torque control algorithm is presented for mode changes, and motor control without the ISG is investigated and compared with the existing ISG control.
High-resolution tunnelling spectroscopy of a graphene quartet
Song, Young Jae,Otte, Alexander F.,Kuk, Young,Hu, Yike,Torrance, David B.,First, Phillip N.,de Heer, Walt A.,Min, Hongki,Adam, Shaffique,Stiles, Mark D.,MacDonald, Allan H.,Stroscio, Joseph A. Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2010 Nature Vol.467 No.7312
Electrons in a single sheet of graphene behave quite differently from those in traditional two-dimensional electron systems. Like massless relativistic particles, they have linear dispersion and chiral eigenstates. Furthermore, two sets of electrons centred at different points in reciprocal space (??valleys??) have this dispersion, giving rise to valley degeneracy. The symmetry between valleys, together with spin symmetry, leads to a fourfold quartet degeneracy of the Landau levels, observed as peaks in the density of states produced by an applied magnetic field. Recent electron transport measurements have observed the lifting of the fourfold degeneracy in very large applied magnetic fields, separating the quartet into integer and, more recently, fractional levels. The exact nature of the broken-symmetry states that form within the Landau levels and lift these degeneracies is unclear at present and is a topic of intense theoretical debate. Here we study the detailed features of the four quantum states that make up a degenerate graphene Landau level. We use high-resolution scanning tunnelling spectroscopy at temperatures as low as 10??mK in an applied magnetic field to study the top layer of multilayer epitaxial graphene. When the Fermi level lies inside the fourfold Landau manifold, significant electron correlation effects result in an enhanced valley splitting for even filling factors, and an enhanced electron spin splitting for odd filling factors. Most unexpectedly, we observe states with Landau level filling factors of 7/2, 9/2 and 11/2, suggestive of new many-body states in graphene.
Song, Min-Hee,Lee, Jang-Won,Kim, Min Su,Yoon, Ja-Kyung,White, Theodore C.,Floyd, Anna,Heitman, Joseph,Strain, Anna K.,Nielsen, Judith N.,Nielsen, Kirsten,Bahn, Yong-Sun American Society for Microbiology 2012 EUKARYOTIC CELL Vol.11 No.1
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P> Cryptococcosis, caused by the basidiomycetous fungus Cryptococcus neoformans , is responsible for more than 600,000 deaths annually in AIDS patients. Flucytosine is one of the most commonly used antifungal drugs for its treatment, but its resistance and regulatory mechanisms have never been investigated at the genome scale in C. neoformans . In the present study, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis by employing two-component system mutants ( <I>tco1</I> Δ and <I>tco2</I> Δ) exhibiting opposing flucytosine susceptibility. As a result, a total of 177 flucytosine-responsive genes were identified, and many of them were found to be regulated by Tco1 or Tco2. Among these, we discovered an APSES-like transcription factor, Mbs1 ( Mb p1- and S wi4-like protein 1). Expression analysis revealed that <I>MBS1</I> was regulated in response to flucytosine in a Tco2/Hog1-dependent manner. Supporting this, C. neoformans with the deletion of <I>MBS1</I> exhibited increased susceptibility to flucytosine. Intriguingly, Mbs1 played pleiotropic roles in diverse cellular processes of C. neoformans . Mbs1 positively regulated ergosterol biosynthesis and thereby affected polyene and azole drug susceptibility. Mbs1 was also involved in genotoxic and oxidative stress responses. Furthermore, Mbs1 promoted production of melanin and capsule and thereby was required for full virulence of C. neoformans . In conclusion, Mbs1 is considered to be a novel antifungal therapeutic target for treatment of cryptococcosis. </P>