http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Daniel Poletto,Ana Claudia Poletto,Andressa Cavalaro,Ricardo Machado,Leopoldo Cosme-Silva,Cássia Cilene Dezan Garbelini,Márcio Grama Hoeppner 대한치과보존학회 2017 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.42 No.4
Objectives: This study evaluated smear layer removal by different chemical solutions used with or without ultrasonic activation after post preparation. Materials and Methods: Forty-five extracted uniradicular human mandibular premolars with single canals were treated endodontically. The cervical and middle thirds of the fillings were then removed, and the specimens were divided into 9 groups: G1, saline solution (NaCl); G2, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); G3, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX); G4, 11.5% polyacrylic acid (PAA); G5, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). For the groups 6, 7, 8, and 9, the same solutions used in the groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were used, respectively, but activated with ultrasonic activation. Afterwards, the roots were analyzed by a score considering the images obtained from a scanning electron microscope. Results: EDTA achieved the best performance compared with the other solutions evaluated regardless of the irrigation method (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Ultrasonic activation did not significantly influence smear layer removal.
Poletto, Daniel,Poletto, Ana Claudia,Cavalaro, Andressa,Machado, Ricardo,Cosme-Silva, Leopoldo,Garbelini, Cassia Cilene Dezan,Hoeppner, Marcio Grama The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2017 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.42 No.4
Objectives: This study evaluated smear layer removal by different chemical solutions used with or without ultrasonic activation after post preparation. Materials and Methods: Forty-five extracted uniradicular human mandibular premolars with single canals were treated endodontically. The cervical and middle thirds of the fillings were then removed, and the specimens were divided into 9 groups: G1, saline solution (NaCl); G2, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); G3, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX); G4, 11.5% polyacrylic acid (PAA); G5, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). For the groups 6, 7, 8, and 9, the same solutions used in the groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were used, respectively, but activated with ultrasonic activation. Afterwards, the roots were analyzed by a score considering the images obtained from a scanning electron microscope. Results: EDTA achieved the best performance compared with the other solutions evaluated regardless of the irrigation method (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Ultrasonic activation did not significantly influence smear layer removal.
Lin, Yao-Cheng,Wang, Jing,Delhomme, Nicolas,Schiffthaler, Bastian,Sundströ,m, Gö,rel,Zuccolo, Andrea,Nystedt, Bjö,rn,Hvidsten, Torgeir R.,de la Torre, Amanda,Cossu, Rosa M.,Hoeppner, Marc National Academy of Sciences 2018 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.115 No.46
<▼1><P><B>Significance</B></P><P>We performed de novo, full-genome sequence analysis of two <I>Populus</I> species, North American quaking and Eurasian trembling aspen, that contain striking levels of genetic variation. Our results showed that positive and negative selection broadly affects patterns of genomic variation, but to varying degrees across coding and noncoding regions. The strength of selection and rates of sequence divergence were strongly related to differences in gene expression and coexpression network connectivity. These results highlight the importance of both positive and negative selection in shaping genome-wide levels of genetic variation in an obligately outcrossing, perennial plant. The resources we present establish aspens as a powerful study system enabling future studies for understanding the genomic determinants of adaptive evolution.</P></▼1><▼2><P>The <I>Populus</I> genus is one of the major plant model systems, but genomic resources have thus far primarily been available for poplar species, and primarily <I>Populus trichocarpa</I> (Torr. & Gray), which was the first tree with a whole-genome assembly. To further advance evolutionary and functional genomic analyses in <I>Populus</I>, we produced genome assemblies and population genetics resources of two aspen species, <I>Populus tremula</I> L. and <I>Populus tremuloides</I> Michx. The two aspen species have distributions spanning the Northern Hemisphere, where they are keystone species supporting a wide variety of dependent communities and produce a diverse array of secondary metabolites. Our analyses show that the two aspens share a similar genome structure and a highly conserved gene content with <I>P. trichocarpa</I> but display substantially higher levels of heterozygosity. Based on population resequencing data, we observed widespread positive and negative selection acting on both coding and noncoding regions. Furthermore, patterns of genetic diversity and molecular evolution in aspen are influenced by a number of features, such as expression level, coexpression network connectivity, and regulatory variation. To maximize the community utility of these resources, we have integrated all presented data within the PopGenIE web resource (PopGenIE.org).</P></▼2>