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Performance of a Flat-Tube Louvered-Fin Automotive Condenser with R1234yf
H. M. Gurudatt,G. S. V. L. NARASIMHAM,B. Sadashive Gowda 대한설비공학회 2021 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.29 No.1
Numerical simulation of a mini-channel, flat-tube, louvered fin, automotive condenser is performed to study the heat rejection rate, pressure drop and performance of the heat exchanger. The simulation study is carried out for the refrigerant R1234yf. The properties of R1234y are obtained from REFPROP software. The moist air properties are calculated from those of dry air and water vapor using suitable correlations. To select the input data, the cycle performance is carried out for a standard vapor compression refrigeration system working with R1234yf between the temperature limits of −10 ∘ on the low-pressure side and 40 ∘C on the high-pressure side. The condensation process is taken into account in three sections, namely, the superheated, two-phase and the subcooled regions. A custom code is prepared in MATLAB to solve the simultaneous equations of heat transfer from refrigerant to inside tube wall, inside tube wall to outside tube wall and outside tube wall to moist air. The simulation results show the sensible heat transfer during desuper heating to be very small compared to the condensing region. Results are reported for the pressure variation along the refrigerant flow passage in the desuper heating, two-phase and subcooling regions. The heat-transfer coefficient is found to be the highest in the two-phase region for higher dryness fractions. The effect of inlet air velocity is less compared to that of the inlet air temperature on the heat rejection rate.
Akhtar, M.H.,Mir, T.A.,Gurudatt, N.G.,Chung, S.,Shim, Y.B. Elsevier Applied Science 2016 Biosensors & Bioelectronics Vol.85 No.-
A robust amperometric sensor for β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) detection was developed through the organic complex formation with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) bonded on the polyethylenimine (PEI)/activated graphene oxide (AGO) layer. The EDTA immobilized sensor probe (GCE/AGO/PEI-EDTA) revealed a catalytic property towards NADH oxidation that allows for the highly sensitive electrochemical detection of NADH at a low oxidation potential. Surface characterization demonstrated that the negatively charged AGO acted as nanofillers in the positively charged PEI matrix through the charge interaction. The immobilization of EDTA on the polymer layer provided more surface area for NADH to interact with through the enhanced chemical interlocking between them. We observed the strong interaction between NADH and EDTA on the AGO/PEI layer using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the calculation of the minimized energy for complex formation. The dynamic range of NADH was determined to be between 0.05μM and 500μM with a detection limit (LD) of 20.0+/-1.1nM. The reliability of the developed sensor for biomedical applications was examined by detecting NADH in tumorigenic lung epithelial cells using the standard addition method.