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        Failure analysis of unidirectional polymeric matrix composites with two serial pin loaded-holes

        Mohammad Mahdi Attar,Farzan Barati,Mahdi Ahmadpour,Ehsan Rezapour 대한기계학회 2016 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.30 No.6

        The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of geometrical and physical parameters on failure modes and failure loads in unidirectional polymeric matrix composites with two serial pin loaded holes, analytically and experimentally. It is assumed that all of unidirectional fibers in the laminate lie in one direction while loaded by a load p 0 at infinity, parallel to the direction of the fibers. To derive equilibrium equations based on a Shear-Lag theory, a rectangular arrangement of fibers is considered and with the proper use of boundary and boundness conditions, stress and displacement fields are computed within the laminate, along with the surrounding pinholes. Finally by using the Hashin criterion failure modes and failure loads are estimated. To validate analytical results based on shear-lag theory, an experimental program is carried out. A very good agreement is observed between two procedures. Based on results, in small sizes of two pins, the dominant failure mode is bearing and with the increasing of hole sizes, failure modes are changed to tension and shear modes.

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        Cost of Tuberculosis Treatment: Evidence from Iran’s Health System

        Vahid Bay,Payam Tabarsi,Aziz Rezapour,Sima Marzban,Ehsan Zarei 질병관리본부 2017 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.8 No.5

        Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the cost of smear-positive drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) treatment of the patients in the Azadshahr district, Golestan Province, Iran. Methods: In this retrospective study, all new smear positive pulmonary TB patients who had been registered at the district’s health network between April, 2013 and December, 2015 and had successfully completed their treatment were entered into the study (45 patients). Treatment costs were estimated from the provider’s perspective using an activity-based costing (ABC) method. Results: The cost of treating a new smear-positive pulmonary TB patient was US dollar (USD) 1,409.00 (Iranian Rial, 39,438,260), which can be divided into direct and indirect costs (USD 1,226.00 [87%] and USD 183.00 [13%], respectively). The highest cost (58.1%) was related to care and management of TB patients (including 46.1% human resources costs and 12% directlyobserved treatment, short course implementation) and then respectively related to hospitalization (12.1%), supportive activity centers (11.4%), transportation (6.5%), medicines (5.3%), and laboratory tests and radiography (3.2%). Conclusion: Using disease-specific cost studies can help the healthcare system management to have correct insight into the financial burden created by the disease. This can subsequently be used in prioritization, planning, operational budgeting, economic evaluation of programs, interventions, and ultimately in disease management.

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