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- 저자 : Dkhar, Hughbert (검색결과 3 건)
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Vaccine usage and wastage in a designated Yellow Fever Vaccination Centre in North India
Sabira Aalia Dkhar,Ruqia Quansar,Inaamul Haq,S. Muhammad Salim Khan 대한백신학회 2021 Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research Vol.10 No.3
Purpose: Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic fever transmitted through the bite of mosquitoes. World Health Organization guidelines advocate a single dose of vaccine for life-long protective immunity against yellow fever. Yellow fever vaccine is included in routine childhood immunization schedules in countries at medium or high risk of yellow fever. For some travelers, visiting endemic countries, yellow fever vaccination is recommended to protect the travelers. We calculated the yellow fever vaccine wastage rate at a designated center in North India. Materials and Methods: This is a record-based study. The data for the study was obtained from the immunization center of Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. The particulars for every vaccine recipient were present in the register. The vaccine wastage rate was calculated. The analysis was done in IBM SPSS ver. 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) and results were presented as numbers and frequencies. Results: A total of 136 doses were issued out of which 111 doses were administered from November 2017 till October 2020. The maximum number of travelers was young adults (26.1%). In 83.7% of cases, the area of the visit was Africa. The vaccine wastage rate was 18.4%. Conclusion: The vaccine wastage rate was not very high and was within that recommended for vaccines in routine immunization.
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Determination of Scattered Radiation to the Thyroid Gland in Dental Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Hrangkhawl Wilson,Dkhar Winniecia,Madhavan T. S.,Sharath S.,Vineetha R.,Chhaparwal Yogesh 대한방사선방어학회 2023 방사선방어학회지 Vol.48 No.1
Background: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a specialized medical equipment and plays a significant role in the diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial diseases and abnormalities; however, it is attributed to risk of exposure of ionizing radiation. The aim of the study was to estimate and determine the amount of scattered radiation dose to the thyroid gland in dental CBCT during maxilla and mandible scan. Materials and Methods: The average scattered radiation dose for i-CAT 17–19 Platinum CBCT (Imaging Sciences International) was measured using a Multi-O-Meter (Unfors Instruments), placed at the patient’s neck on the skin surface of the thyroid cartilage, with an exposure parameter of 120 kVp and 37.07 mAs. The surface entrance dose was noted using the Multi-OMeter, which was placed at the time of the scan at the level of the thyroid gland on the anterior surface of the neck. Results and Discussion: The surface entrance dose to the thyroid from both jaws scans was 191.491±78.486 μGy for 0.25 mm voxel and 26.9 seconds, and 153.670±74.041 μGy from the mandible scan, whereas from the maxilla scan the surface entrance dose was 5.259±10.691 μGy. Conclusion: The surface entrance doses to the thyroid gland from imaging of both the jaws, and also from imaging of the maxilla and mandible alone were within the threshold limit. The surface entrance dose and effective dose in CBCT were dependent on the exposure parameters (kVp and mAs), scan length, and field of view. To further reduce the radiation dose, care should be taken in selecting an appropriate protocol as well as the provision of providing shielding to the thyroid gland.
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Rai, Avdhesh K.,Freddy, Allen J.,Banerjee, Atanu,Kurkalang, Sillarine,Rangad, Gordon M.,Islam, Mohammad,Nongrum, Henry B.,Dkhar, Hughbert,Chatterjee, Anupam Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.6
Background: Raw betel nut (RBN) chewing is an important contributing factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), although associated genomic changes remain unclear. One difficulty in assessing the effects of exclusively RBN induced genetic alterations has been that earlier studies were performed with samples of patients commonly using tobacco and alcohol, in addition to betel-quid. Both CDKN2A (at 9p21) and Rb1 gene (at 13q14.2) are regarded as tumor suppressors involved in the development of ESCC. Therefore, the present study aimed to verify the RBN's ability to induce ESCC and assess the involvement of CDKN2A and Rb1 genes. Methods: A panel of dinucelotide polymorphic markers were chosen for loss of heterozygosity studies in 93 samples of which 34 were collected from patients with only RBN-chewing habit. Promoter hypermethylation was also investigated. Results: Loss in microsatellite markers D9S1748 and D9S1749, located close to exon $1{\beta}$ of CDKN2A/ARF gene at 9p21, was noted in 40% ESCC samples with the habit of RBN-chewing alone. Involvement of a novel site in the 9p23 region was also observed. Promoter hypermethylation of CDKN2A gene in the samples with the habit of only RBN-chewing alone was significantly higher (p=0.01) than Rb1 gene, also from the samples having the habit of use both RBN and tobacco (p=0.047). Conclusions: The data indicate that the disruption of 9p21 where CDKN2A gene resides, is the most frequent critical genetic event in RBN-associated carcinogenesis. The involvement of 9p23 as well as 13q14.2 could be required in later stages in RBN-mediated carcinogenesis.
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