피혁폐수의 수질오염 현상에 관한 고찰

조명찬,노병일,신춘환 동서대학교부설연구소 1997 연구소 논문집 Vol.2 No.-

피혁의 최종처리공정 중 코딩공정은 피혁제품의 품질을 결정하는 중요한 기술로 자리잡고 있다. 피혁 코팅에 사용되는 수지들은 분산매의 종류에 따라 유성 Polyurethane(PU) 계열 및 수성 PU계열로 크게 구별되며 근래에 와서는 작업환경의 개선 및 환경오염 방지 측면에서 수용성 PU의 사용이 보편화 되면서 이들의 수질오염에 미치는 영향을 제시할 필요성이 대두되었다. 따라서 본 실험에서는 수용성 PU가 수계에 유입되었을 경우 COFD, BOD, SS의 상승효과를 측정함으로써 기초자료로 활용하고자 하며 특히 수용성 PU는 polyol 및 diisocyanate의 중 부가반응에 의해 생성되는 고분자 물질로서 수중에서는 분자 Chain이 절단되는 aging effect현상이 현저할 것으로 예상하여 수용성 PU가 유입된 수계의 aging effect와 BOD 및 COD와의 상관성을 도출하여 방류수 처리의 기초자료로 제공하고자 한다.

MASS TRANSFER WITH INSTANTANEOUS CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN A TWO-COMPONENT DROP OR BUBBLE

Noh, Byeong-Il 東西大學校 1995 동서논문집 Vol.1 No.1

기체상태의 한 반응물질이 다른 반응물질을 포함하고 있는 원형입자 내로 이동할 때 반응 속도가 매우 빠르다면 입자내에는 각 반응 물질만을 포함하는 두 구역으로 나뉘게 되며 반응은 이 두 구역의 경계선상에서 일어난다. 이 경계선은 반응이 진행될수록 입자의 중심을 향해 이동하게되면 이러한 현상을 소위 moving boundary 문제라 한다. 본 논문에서는 비교적 복잡한 기하학적 구조나 경계를 가진 현상을 정확하고 간단하게 분석할 수 있는 유한 요소법을 사용하여 두가지의 화학성분을 포함한 원형 입자내로의 빠른 화학반응을 동반한 물질전달 현상을 위한 수학적 모델을 유도, 풀이하였다. 모델풀이의 결과는 입자내에서의 각 성분의 농도, 반응이 일어나는 경계선의 위치, 반응이 완료될 때까지 전달된 성분의 양 및 enhancement factor 등으로 나타내었으며, 또한 이러한 요소들에 대한 입자내외에서 전달중인 성분들의 물질전도도 비, 입자표면에서의 전달되는 성분의 양 및 입자내에있는 반응물질들간의 상대적인 양의 영향도 고찰하였다. Mass transfer accompanied by instantaneous chemical reactions in a small drop or bubble has been modeled and simulated for the case where one solute diffuses from a continuous phase into the drop and reacts rapidly with two different reactants existing in the drop. The computational results obtained by Galerkin finite element method are reported in terms of concentration profiles, the location of reaction front, the cumulative mass flux, and the enhancement factor. The effects of physical parameters, such as diffusivities of the solute and the reactants, the interfacial concentration of solute, and the relative amount of the reactants in the drop, on the calculated quantities are discussed.

A STUDY ON THE REACTION MECHANISM IN THE SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION OF QUINOLINE USING MOLYBDENUM NITRIDE

Noh, Byeong-Il 東西大學校 2000 동서논문집 Vol.6 No.-

본 연구에서는 Molybdenum nitride분말을 촉매로 사용한 Quinoline의 가수소화반응에 대한 반응속도론을 270, 300, 330℃의 온도와 10.4 MPa의 압력 하에서 행해진 실험의 결과를 이용하여 연구하였다. 촉매의 특성을 분석하기 위해 3-5g의 molybdenum nitride를 n-hexadecane과 quinoline (10 wt.%)과의 혼합물에 첨가하여 반응을 진행시켰으며, 반응결과를 비촉매반응의 결과와 비교하여 quinoline의 가수소화반응의 반응속도를 결정하였다. 촉매 및 비촉매 반응의 유일한 생성물질은 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline으로 나타났으며, 이는 quinoline의 분자구조 중 pyridine쪽만 가수소화 반응에 관여하는 것을 나타내어 촉매가 특별한 선택도를 가짐을 의미한다. 실험에 의한 결과 data는 가1차 가역반응 모델의 예상값과 잘 일치하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이 모델을 이용하여 반응상수와 활성화에너지를 구한 다음 기존의 황처리된 molybdenum계의 촉매와 비교하여 molybdenum nitride의 촉매적 특성을 분석하였다. The kinetics of the hydrogenation of quinoline over unsupported molybdenum nitride powders was studied in a non-flow batch reactor at 270, 300, 330℃ and 10.4 MPa. In order to evaluate the catalytic properties of this compound, 3-5g molybdenum nitride was added to a mixture of 10 wt.% quinoline in n-hexadecane. The results of the catalytic reactions were compared with those of the noncatalytic reactions to determine the kinetics of hydrogenation of quinoline. The unique product of both catalytic and noncatalytic hydrogenation was 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline. This indicates the specific selectivity of molybdenum nitride in hydrogenating only pyridine side of quinoline. A pseudo-first order reversible reaction model was found to fit the experimental data well. The rate constants and activation energy of the reaction were calculated and compared with those from the reactions over presulfided molybdenum based catalysts.

MODEL DEVELOPMENT FOR DIFFUSION WITH INSTANTANEOUS CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN A SPHERICAL MULTICOMPONENT DROP

Noh, Byeong Il,Moon, Byung Hyun,Yoon, Tae Kyung,Kim, Jong Hyun 한국화학공학회 1995 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.12 No.5

Diffusion accompanied by instantaneous chemical reactions in a multicomponent drop is modeled. The developed model is then simulated for the case of absorption of one solute from a continuous phase into the drop, followed by fast reactions with two different reactants existing in the drop. The results of the model are obtained by using Galerkin's finite element method and represented by unsteady concentration profiles of all components in the drop, the reaction front positions, and the cumulative mass flux and the enhancement factor of the diffusing solute. The effects of the system parameters, such as diffusivities of the solute and the reactants, the relative amount of the reactants in the drop, and the interfacial concentration of the solute, on the calculated quantities are evaluated.

Separation Technology, Thermodynamics : The Effects of Amine Additives and Flow Rate on the Performance of Mixed-bed Ion Exchange at Ultralow Concentrations

( Byeong Il Noh ),( Gang Choon Lee ),( Tae Kyung Yoon ) 한국화학공학회 2005 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.22 No.3

MODEL DEVELOPMENT FOR MULTICOMPONENT MASS TRANSFER WITH RAPID CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN A SMALL DROP

Noh, Byeong Il,Yoon, Tae Kyung,Moon, Byung Hyun,Kim, Jong Hyun 한국화학공학회 1995 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.12 No.1

Multicomponent mass transfer accompanied by instantaneous chemical reactions in a small drop has been modeled and simulated for the case where two different solutes diffuse from a continuous phase into the drop and react rapidly with a third reactant in the drop. The computational results obtained by Galerkin's finite element method are reported in terms of concentration profiles, the locations of reaction front, the cumulative mass flux, and the enhancement factor. The effects of physical parameters, such as diffusivities of the solutes and the reactant, the interfacial concentration of solutes, and the relative amount of the reactant, on the calculated quantities are discussed.

Model Development for Multicomponent mass Transfer with Rapid Chemical Reactions in a Small Drop

Noh, Byeong Il,Yoon, Tae Kyung,Moon, Byung Hyun 한국화학공학회 1995 NICE Vol.13 No.2

Multicomponent mass transfer accompanied by instantaneous chemical reactions in a small drop has been modeled and simulated for the case where two different solutes diffuse from a continuous phase into the drop and react rapidly with a third reactant in the drop. The computational results obtained by Galerkin's finite element method are reported in terms of concentration profiles, the locations of reaction front, the cumulative mass flux, and the enhancement factor. The effects of physical parameters, such as diffusivities of the solutes and the reactant, the interfacial concentration of solutes, and the relative amount of the reactant, on the calculated quantities are discussed.

THE CATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF UNSUPPORTED Mo₂N + MoN POWDER IN THE HYDROGENATION OF QUINOLINE

Noh,Byeong Il 東西大學校 1996 동서논문집 Vol.2 No.1

일반적으로 불포화 벤젠기를 포함한 연료 화합물으로부터의 황 및 질소제거는 황화 molybdenum 촉매를 이용한 가수소반응에 의해 행해진다. 그러나 질소제거반응은 탈황반응과는 달리 먼저 벤젠기를 포화시킨 다음 탄소와 질소의 결합을 붕괴하기 때문에 탈황반응 때보다도 더 많은 양의 수소를 필요로 한다. 본 논문은 질소제거반응 때 소요되는 수소의 양을 줄이기 위해 질소화 촉매인 molybdenum nitride의 촉매적 특성을 연구한 것이다. 이를 위해 quinoline과 n-hexadecane을 섞어 회분식반응기 내에서 1500 psig, 270-330℃하에서 수소와 반응시켰다. 반응물질 및 생성물질의 농도는 샘플을 일정시간 간격으로 채취하여 gas chromatography로 분석하여 얻었으며, 촉매를 사용한 반응과 사용하지 않은 반응으로부터 얻은 생성물의 농도를 서로 비교하여 molybdenum nitride 촉매의 영향을 평가하였다. 유일한 반응생성물질은 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline으로서 이는 quinoline의 질소원소와 촉매상의 질소원소간의 강한 상호인력으로 인한 molybdenum nitride의 특이한 선택도를 의미한다. 본 실험의 결과는 quinoline의 촉매 주위의 박막내에서의 물질전달 특성 및 촉매표면상에서의 반응메카니즘을 황화촉매와 비교하여 반응속도 측면에서 분석하는 것이 가능하도록 하였다. 또한 본 연구에서는 실험반응조건하에서의 촉매의 물리적 구조의 안정성 및 표면적을 증대할 수 있는 방법에 대해 분석하고 그 결과를 기술하였다. The performance of unsupported molybdenum nitride powders has been studied for the hydrogenation of quinoline in a batch reactor at 270, 300, 330℃ and 10.4 MPa(1500 psig). In order to evaluate the catalytic properties of this compound, 3-5g modybdenum nitride was added to a mixture of 10 wt.% quinoline in n-hexadecane. Then the results of the catalytic reactions were compared with those of the noncatalytic reactions. The unique product of both catalytic and noncatalytic hydrogenation was 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline. This indicates the specific selectivity of molybdenum nitride in hydrogenating only pyridine side of quinoline. The catalyst was found to have a low catalytic activity in hydrogenating quinoline to 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline. The physical structure of the catalyst appeared to change during the reaction, resulting in an increase in the surface area.

Parametric Studies on the Performance of Mixed - Bed Ion Exchange at Ultralow Concentrations : 1 . Multicomponent System

Noh, Byeong Il,Lee, Chang Won,Yoon, Tae Kyung,Moon, Byung Hyun,Lee, Gang Choon,Shin, Choon Hwan 한국화학공학회 1999 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.16 No.6

We experimentally evaluated the effects of multicomponent systems of divalent cations on the performance of mixed-bed ion exchange in the concentration range used for ultrapure water processing. Data were collected in the batch and continuous column systems with Dowex Monosphere resins used commercially for ultrapure water applications. The presence of divalent cations in the systems affects significantly the capacity of the units to remove a univalent cation. However, the anion exchange rate increases slightly in the multicomponent systems. The equilibrium and the breakthrough curves of ions, plotted as the ratio of the effluent to influent concentration versus run time or solution volume passed through the experimental column, give detailed results about the effects of the existence of other ionic species on the fate of each ion in MBIE units. The results of the present study are expected to be used to develop and simulate mathematical models and to understand the performance of mixed-bed ion exchange at ultralow concentrations.

Model Development for Diffusion with Instantaneous Chemical Reactions in a Spherical Multicomponent Drop

Noh, Byeong Il,Yoon, Tae Kyung,Moon, Byung Hyun 한국화학공학회 1996 NICE Vol.14 No.1

Diffusion accompanied by instantaneous chemical reactions in a multicomponent drop is modeled. The developed model is then simulated for the case of absorption of one solute from a continuous phase into the drop, followed by fast reactions with two different reactants existing in the drop. the results of the model are obtained by using Galerkin's finite element method and represented by unsteady concentration profiles of still components in the drop, the reaction front positions, and the cumulative mass flux and the enhancement factor of the diffusing solute. the effects of the system parameters, such as diffusivities of the solute and the reactants, the relative amount of the reactants in the drop, and the interfacial concentration of the solute, on the calculated quantities are evaluated.