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Anticancer Activity of 3-Demethylubiquinone Q2. In Vivo Experiments and Probable Mechanism of Action
Fedorov, S.N.,Radchenko, O.S.,Shubina, L.K.,Balaneva, N.N.,Agafonova, I.G.,Bode, A.M.,Jin, J.-O.,Kwak, J.-Y.,Dong, Z.,Stonik, V.A. INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ANTICANCER RESEARCH 2008 Anticancer research Vol.28 No.2
Chang Shin Yoon,Hyoung Kyu Kim,Natalia P. Mishchenko,Elena A. Vasileva,Sergey A. Fedoreyev,Olga P. Shestak,Nadezhda N. Balaneva,Vyacheslav L. Novikov,Valentin A. Stonik,한진 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2019 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.15 No.4
Backgrounds: Echinochrome A (6-ethyl-2,3,5,7,8-pentahydroxy- 1,4-naphthoquinone) is a common naphthoquinone pigment found in the shells, spines, and coelomic fluid of sea urchins. We previously reported that echinochrome A has a cardioprotective function as an antioxidant against reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by tert-Butyl hydroperoxide and doxorubicin. Methods: In the current study, we evaluated the antioxidant activity, ATP production, and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of seven echinochrome structural analogs (spinochromes) in AC16 human cardiomyocyte cells. The compounds included in the study had various substituents including hydroxyl (Sp B and Sp E), amino (Echm A), methoxyl (TriMeEch A), pentyl (No. 284), and hydroxypentyl (No. 285). We also investigated the effects of one dimeric spinochrome (Binaphthoquinone). Results: Spinochromes exhibited enhanced antioxidant activity and ATP production. Interestingly, the hydroxylated compounds significantly enhanced the OCR and had a cardiomyocyte protective effect in the presence of doxorubicin. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that echinochrome A structural analogs may have therapeutic potential for cardio-protection.