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Clarification of Unusual Gallbladder Uptake on Bone Scintigraphy by SPECT/CT
Ari Chong,Jung-Min Ha,Young Cheol Kim 조선대학교 의학연구소 2013 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.38 No.2
A 56 year-old women with a history of breast cancer underwent Tc-99m Hydroxymethylene Diphosphonate (HDP) bone scintigraphy at an annual follow-up, and abnormal focal uptake was observed in the right upper abdomen. However, subsequent single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) successfully delineated the uptake in a normal gallbladder. It was concluded that the abnormality had been caused by unusual Tc-99m HDP excretion and not by a metastatic lesion. Follow-up studies confirmed this diagnosis. This case demonstrates the usefulness of SPECT/CT in patients with unusual gallbladder uptake by bone scintigraphy.
Ari Chong,Jung-Min Ha,Ho-Chun Song,Min-Young Jung,Young Cheol Kim 조선대학교 의학연구소 2013 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.38 No.3
We compared the results of early follow-up of F-18 FDG PET/CT and MRI performed within one month after radiation therapy for cervix cancer patients. We conducted a retrospective review of the clinical data of cervix cancer patients whose PET/CT and pelvic MRI performed at staging and within one month from the end of RTx. SUVmax on PET/CT and size on MRI of the primary tumor were analyzed. We compared %change of SUVmax and size between staging and follow-up. A total of 27 patients were enrolled. At staging, larger tumor showed high SUVmax. At follow-up, no significant correlation was observed between size and SUVmax. In 77.8% of patients, changes in SUVmax were well correlated with changes in size. No correlation was observed between % change and value at staging in both SUVmax and size. Except for six patients who showed significant FDG uptake without evidence of a mass on MRI, % changes of size and SUVmax were well correlated. Metabolic change can be accessible on early follow-up PET/CT at±1 month from the end of the RTx of cervix cancer. However, careful interpretation of PET/CT is needed due to possible radiation-induced hypermetabolism even without a definite mass on MRI.
Ari Chong,Kweon-cheon Kim,Yoo-Seok Kim,Ran Hong 조선대학교 의학연구원 2021 Medical Bilogical Science and Engineering Vol.4 No.2
The diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (DSV-PTC) is an uncommon variant of PTC. Although its histologic features are aggressive, its prognostic significance remains controversial. Herein, we report a case of DSV-PTC, in a 41-year-old woman with a history of breast and thyroid cancers. Bone scan evaluation showed suspected cervical osseous metastasis during the previous cancer follow-up. Further, magnetic resonance imaging was recommended. Preoperative fine-needle aspiration (FNA) showed features of thyroid papillary carcinoma and postoperatively, the mass was diagnosed to DSV-PTC showing features of numerous and diffuse calcification and squamous metaplasia. Herein, we describe the pathologic features, including histologic and FNA cytologic features, and prognostic implications through a literature review.
Ari Chong,Jung Min Ha,Jin Suk Kim,Young Chul Kim 조선대학교 의학연구원 2015 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.40 No.1
A case of three primary malignancies in one patient is rare. We report on a case of three primary malignancies including myxofibrosarcoma, renal cell cancer, and prostate cancer in one 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/ computed tomography (PET/CT) evaluation of a 75-year-old man. PET/CT showed different FDG meabolism in each tumor.
Limitation of Breast Specific Gamma Imaging: Missed Broad Chest Wall Recurrence
Ari Chong,Jung-Min Ha,Ran Hong,Yoo Seok Kim,Kweon-Cheon Kim 조선대학교 의학연구원 2016 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.41 No.4
Breast specific gamma imaging (BSGI) is a nuclear medicine breast imaging technique. The sensitivity of BSGI is unaffected by post-operative scars or implants, and thus, BSGI is helpful for the differential diagnosis of postoperative recurrence. Here, the authors report a case of diffuse chest wall recurrence on the side of radical mastectomy that was not detected by BSGI, but was detected using other nuclear medicine imaging techniques.
Clinical Meaning of Hot Uptake on Bone Scan in Symptomatic Accessory Navicular Bones
Chong, Ari,Ha, Jung-Min,Lee, Jun-Young The Korea Society of Nuclear Medicine 2016 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.50 No.4
Introduction We analyzed clinical factors related to uptake on a Tc-99 m HDP bone scan of the accessory navicular (AN). Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients who had been examined by an orthopedic surgeon and underwent bone scan due to suspected symptomatic AN. A three-point grading system was used to evaluate uptake on bone scan. Relationships between grade, symptoms, age, gender, symptom duration, and bone size were analyzed. Results In total, 73 ANs (30 asymptomatic, 43 symptomatic) were enrolled. The majority of asymptomatic ANs had no uptake but some had grade 1 (n = 8) or 2 (n = 2) uptake. All asymptomatic ANs with uptake remained asymptomatic during follow-up. For the asymptomatic ANs, larger bones showed a higher grade. With a cut-off value of size ${\leq}6.8mm$, there is no chance of uptake. All symptomatic ANs showed uptake on bone scan. For symptomatic ANs, larger size and shorter pain duration were related to a higher grade. Age, gender, and left-/right-sideness were not related to grade. Multiple regressions revealed that only uptake grade, not size or symptom duration, was the significant risk factor for a symptomatic AN. With a cut-off value of grade <1, a symptomatic AN could be ruled out with a negative predictive value of 100 %. Conclusion Bone scanning is useful for symptomatic ANs with a high negative predictive value. Higher grade is related to larger size and shorter pain duration. For asymptomatic ANs, grade was related to size but did not predict symptom development.
Review : Microencapsulation of Live Probiotic Bacteria
( Chong Su Cho ),( Yun Jaie Choi ),( Cheol Heui Yun ),( Islam Mohammad Ariful ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2010 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.20 No.10
Scientific research regarding the use of live bacterial cells for therapeutic purposes has been rapidly growing over the years and has generated considerable interest to scientists and health professionals. Probiotics are defined as essential live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Owing to their considerable beneficial health effects, these microorganisms are increasingly incorporated into dairy products; however, many reports have demonstrated their poor survival and stability. Their survival in the gastrointestinal tract is also questionable. To overcome these problems, microencapsulation techniques are currently receiving considerable attention. This review describes the importance of live probiotic bacterial microencapsulation using an alginate microparticulate system and presents the potentiality of various coating polymers such as chitosan and polylysine for improving the stability of this microencapsulation.
Design of Digital Circuit Structure Based on Evolutionary Algorithm Method
Chong, K.H.,Aris, I.B.,Bashi, S.M.,Koh, S.P. The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2008 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.3 No.1
Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) cover all the applications involving the use of Evolutionary Computation in electronic system design. It is largely applied to complex optimization problems. EAs introduce a new idea for automatic design of electronic systems; instead of imagine model, ions, and conventional techniques, it uses search algorithm to design a circuit. In this paper, a method for automatic optimization of the digital circuit design method has been introduced. This method is based on randomized search techniques mimicking natural genetic evolution. The proposed method is an iterative procedure that consists of a constant-size population of individuals, each one encoding a possible solution in a given problem space. The structure of the circuit is encoded into a one-dimensional genotype as represented by a finite string of bits. A number of bit strings is used to represent the wires connection between the level and 7 types of possible logic gates; XOR, XNOR, NAND, NOR, AND, OR, NOT 1, and NOT 2. The structure of gates are arranged in an $m{\times}n$ matrix form in which m is the number of input variables.
Islam, Mohammad Ariful,Firdous, Jannatul,Choi, Yun-Jaie,Yun, Cheol-Heui,Cho, Chong-Su Dove Medical Press 2012 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE Vol.7 No.-
<P>Chitosan, a natural biodegradable polymer, is of great interest in biomedical research due to its excellent properties including bioavailability, nontoxicity, high charge density, and mucoadhesivity, which creates immense potential for various pharmaceutical applications. It has gelling properties when it interacts with counterions such as sulfates or polyphosphates and when it crosslinks with glutaraldehyde. This characteristic facilitates its usefulness in the coating or entrapment of biochemicals, drugs, antigenic molecules as a vaccine candidate, and microorganisms. Therefore, chitosan together with the advance of nanotechnology can be effectively applied as a carrier system for vaccine delivery. In fact, chitosan microspheres have been studied as a promising carrier system for mucosal vaccination, especially via the oral and nasal route to induce enhanced immune responses. Moreover, the thiolated form of chitosan is of considerable interest due to its improved mucoadhesivity, permeability, stability, and controlled/extended release profile. This review describes the various methods used to design and synthesize chitosan microspheres and recent updates on their potential applications for oral and nasal delivery of vaccines. The potential use of thiolated chitosan microspheres as next-generation mucosal vaccine carriers is also discussed.</P>