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국민건강영양조사를 활용한 담수어패류 섭취량 산정: 위해서 평가를 위한 파라메타 도출
곽진일 ( Jin Il Kwak ),오경원 ( Kyung Won Oh ),권상희 ( Sang Hui Kweon ),안윤주 ( Youn Joo An ) 한국물환경학회 2013 한국물환경학회지 Vol.29 No.2
Freshwater fish intake is a critical parameter for deriving water quality criteria and water quality standards for protection of human health based on human health risk assessment. Although the freshwater fish intake parameter should be accurate and representative of Korean fish consumption for the water quality criteria to be reliable, data are limited in Korea and have low reliability. In this study, Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2008 2010 were analyzed to reeveluate freshwater fish consumption. Based on these results, an average consumption rate of 3.0 g/day per person, a 90 percentile consumption rate of 0.0 g/day per person, an average consumption rate of 65.7 g/day per fish consumer, and a 90 percentile consumption rate of 153.4 g/day per fish consumer were proposed for derivation of water quality criteria using a conservative approach and various exposure scenarios.
내분비계장애물질의 생태독성평가를 위한 표준시험법 비교연구
곽진일(Jin Il Kwak),최영설(Rongxue Cui),문종민(Jongmin Moon),김도경(Dokyung Kim),안윤주(Youn-Joo An) 大韓環境工學會 2017 대한환경공학회지 Vol.39 No.3
내분비계 장애물질 (EDCs)은 생물체내에 유입되면 내분비계의 정상적 기능을 방해하는 특징이 있으며, 일반화학물질과는 다른 독성기전을 보이기 때문에 기존의 생태독성기법과 달리 EDCs만의 독성을 평가하기 위한 생태독성기법 및 독성 종말점의 개발을 위한 연구가 필요하다. OECD, ASTM 및 USEPA와 같은 신뢰성 있는 국제기관에서는 EDCs의 생태독성기법들을 제안하고 있는 상황이다. EDCs가 유해성이 알려진 만큼 국내에서도 EDCs관련 정부지원 사업이 일부 EDCs에 대해 사업장에의 배출량, 환경매체에서 검출농도를 지속적으로 모니터링하고 있으며, EDCs관련 연구들이 보고되고 있다. 그러나 국내에는 EDCs를 대상으로 하는 생태독성기법이 부재한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 국외 EDCs의 생태독성기법을 조사 및 분석하여 제안된 생물종과 독성종말점의 종류 및 시험조건 파악하고자 하였다. 그 결과, ISO에서는 아직 EDCs 생태독성기법을 따로 제안하고 있지 않은 상태이며, OECD, ASTM, USEPA에서만 수서생물종인 어류 양서류, 물벼룩 및 요각류, 토양생물종인 지렁이, 애지렁이, 톡토기, 진드기, 토양선충, 그리고 퇴적물서식종인 지렁이와 깔따구에 대한 EDCs 평가기법이 제시되어 있고, 생식, 호르몬, 성장, 비탈로제닌, 성비 및 발달 등과 관련된 독성종말점으로 제안되어 있었다. 결론적으로 EDCs 대상의 생태독성 평가방법은 매우 제한적이며, 생태독성 기법 개발 및 독성종말점을 개발하기 위한 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단된다. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) interfere with endocrine system in organisms, and have different mode of actions compared to conventional chemicals. Therefore, EDCs specific ecotoxicity tests and assessments have been globally developed by some organizations such as OECD, ASTM, and USEPA. In Korea, researches on EDCs and monitoring of EDCs in domestic environments were also continued. However, Korean ecotoxicity test guidelines for EDCs are not suggested till date. The purpose of this study is to review and analyze international ecotoxicity test guidelines for EDCs and the compare ecotoxicity methods and toxicity endpoints among standard test guidelines. We found that there are very limited EDCs specific soil ecotoxicity test guidelines (only in ASTM) compared to aquatic ecotoxicity test guidelines. Currently, fish, amphibian, waterflea, copepoda, earthworm, white worm, springtail, nematode, mite, and midge are suggested as standard ecotoxicity test species for EDCs. Reproduction, hormones, growth, vitellogenin, sex retio and development were proposed as endpoints for EDCs ecotoxicity. This study provided the comparison of EDCs specific ecotoxicity methods and endpoints between standard test guidelines, and suggested the further research to develop the method for assesseing ecotoxicity of EDCs.
Toxicity of plastic microfibers on earthworm Eisenia andrei
Jin Il Kwak(곽진일),Youn-Joo An(안윤주) 환경독성보건학회 2021 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2021 No.5
In recent years, microfibers have been recognized widespread pollutants in ecosystems. However, information on the soil ecotoxicological effects of microfibers including synthesized or natural microfibers are insufficient. More earlier researches focused and suggested possible adverse effects of microfibers on aquatic organisms than soil organisms. Here, we set the purpose of this study to evaluate the toxicity of plastic microfibers on earthworms species. Adult earthworms Eisenia andrei were exposed to two lengths of polypropylene (short PP and long PP) at the high concentration (1,000 mg/kg dry soil) in the soil. Average length of tested short PP and long PP were about 200 μm and 900 μm. The mortality, in vivo cytotoxicity, gut microbial viability, and damages on reproductive tissues were assessed after 21 days. As results, survival rate, intracellular esterase activity of coelomocytes, and earthworm gut microbial viability were decreased. On the other hands, male and female reproductive tissues were not affected by microfibers exposure. These results indicated that synthesized plastic microfibers might inhibit not only earthworm health but also function of earthworm gut microbiomes.