http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
조기낙엽이 참다래 ``헤이워드`` 과실 바람들이와 품질에 미치는 영향
곽용범 ( Yong Bum Kwack ),김홍림 ( Hong Lim Kim ),최영하 ( Young Hah Choi ),이재한 ( Jae Han Lee ),김진국 ( Jin Gook Kim ),이용복 ( Yong Bok Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2012 한국환경농학회지 Vol.31 No.3
BACKGROUND: The fruit quality and flowering characteristics of Kiwifruit (A. deliciosa cv. Hayward) in the following year is known to be affected by the extent and timing of defoliation of the current year. In korea, the production of kiwi, which is a perennial, straggling deciduous warm-temperate fruit, is often restricted by wind damage due to typhoons resulting to defoliation at the middle season of its growing period. In this paper, we report the effect of the different timing of defoliation and severities at the current season to the kiwifruit quality. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty seven-year-old ``Hayward`` trees grown under polyethylene film rain-shelter were defoliated in different days from August to September at seven day-intervals. In each day, 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of leaves were removed from the trees. Fruits from each treatment were classified into four floating types (L: lying in bottom, S: standing on bottom, F: floating and SF: floating at the surface of water) by submerging them into tap water. Defoliation of kiwifruit trees in August and September caused air holes in locules of inner pericarp. Increased number of air hole in locules of a fruit was observed in floating types F and SF, and most of the air holes were located in stem end. The defoliation of trees in August significantly reduced the ratio of L-floating type fruits, which have the least number of locule air holes. The extent of defoliation also affected the distribution of the four types, the more leaves removed, the less L-floating type fruits harvested. The weight of fruits from trees defoliated in August was lower than that of fruits from September. Soluble solids content decreased as the number of locule air holes increased. Negative correlations were observed between the extent of defoliation and the weight and soluble solids content of fruits. CONCLUSION: Early defoliation effect on kiwifruit locule air hole occurrence and fruit quality were more severe in August than in September. And also if the defoliation severity is over 25%, severe fruit quality reduction expected to happen due to increase of fruit locule air hole in the inner pericarp.
생식용 체리 비가림 재배시 서양뒤영벌(Bombus terrestris L.)의 화분매개 곤충 활용
곽용범(Yong-Bum Kwack),김홍림(Hong-Lim Kim),최영하(Young Hah Choi),이재한(Jae Han Lee) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2012 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.21 No.3
체리의 경우 유과기나 과실수확기에 비가 잦을 경우 각종 곰팡이에 의한 과실썩음병과 열과가 발생하여 고품질의 과실을 생산하기 어렵다. 따라서 우리나라와 같이 장마기가 있는 기후조건에서는 농약살포 횟수를 줄이고 고품질의 과실을 안정적으로 생산하기 위해서는 반드시 비가림 시설재배가 필요하다. 국내에서 체리의 개화시기는 4월 상·중순으로 개화기 저온에 의해 자연상태의 꿀벌을 통한 화분매개는 결실율이 불안정하며, 봄철에는 화분매개용 꿀벌 봉군을 구입하기가 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 최근 시설재배 방울토마토,애호박 등에서 화분매개용으로 많이 이용되고 있는 서양뒤영벌을 비가림 재배 조건에서 꿀벌을 대신하여 체리에 대한 화분매개 곤충으로 이용코자 하였다. 방화활동력은 서양뒤영벌의 경우 한 꽃에 약 6초 정도 머물러 분당 11개 정도의 꽃을 방문하였고, 꿀벌의 경우 한 꽃에 약 15초씩 머물러 분당 4~5개 정도의 꽃을 방문하였다. 또한 결실율과 과실특성에 있어 두 벌 처리구 간에 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 따라서 비가림 체리 재배에서 개화기에 화분매개용으로 꿀벌을 대신하여 서양뒤영벌을 이용하더라도 어떠한 부정적인 영향은 없었다. In sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) growing there are several severe problem which have to be overcome to produce highly graded fruits because of fruit rots and fruit crackings, if there is frequent precipitation during immature fruit step and picking season. In order to reduce fungicide sprayings and produce qualified fruits in areas with rainy season like as South Korea, rain-sheltered growing is necessary absolutely. Sweet cherry blooms early to medium April in southern area of South Korea. If we depend on honeybees (Apis mellifera) distributed in natural ecosystem, it is not easy to get normal fruit-set every season because of low temperature around blooming time. And also bee keepers seldom sell honeybee hives as a pollinator during spring, instead they keep honeybee hives to get honey. Recently use of B. terrestris as a pollinator of cherry tomato, oriental pumpkin etc. grown in protected cultivation system increase abundantly. Therefore, in this study we studied B. terrestris as an alternate of honeybee to pollinate sweet cherry grown in rain shelter. In part of foraging activity B. terrestris shows staying on a cherry flower for about six second and visiting frequency of 11 flowers per minute. However A. mellifera stayed about 15 second on a flower and visited 4~5 flowers per minute. There were no significant difference in fruit-setting rate and fruit characteristics after using B. terrestris and A. mellifera as pollinators of sweet cherry. Consequently there is no negative effect when we use B. terrestris as an alternate pollinator of A. mellifera in sweet cherry cultivation under rain shelter.
마늘 신품종 ‘올캐’ 특성 및 화경제거가 구 비대에 미치는 영향
최영하(Young Hah Choi),김홍림(Hong Lim Kim),김형득(Heung Deug Kim),곽용범(Yong Bum Kwak) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2011 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.20 No.1
마늘 신품종 ‘올캐’의 특성을 구명하고, 화경제거 유무 및 제거방법이 ‘올캐’마늘과 ‘남도’마늘의 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. ‘올캐’마늘은 추대기 및 수확기가 ‘남도’마늘보다 20일 정도 빨랐다. 지상부 생장은 ‘남도’마늘보다 떨어졌으나 뿌리 발달은 좋았다. 각 품종의 수확적기에 수확할 경우 구 중량은 ‘남도’마늘이 ‘올캐’마늘 보다 20% 정도 많았다. 40g 이상의 대구 비율도 ‘남도’마늘이 48%로 ‘올캐’마늘 25%에 비해 두배 정도 많았다. 인편수는 ‘올캐’마늘이 ‘남도’마늘 보다 1.9개 정도 많았다. 열구 발생률은 ‘올캐’마늘이, 저장중 부패율은 ‘남도’마늘이 높았다. 화경을 제거할 경우 무처리에 비해 잎마름 속도가 빠르고 그 정도도 심했으나 화경제거 방법간에는 차이가 없었다. 엽면적은 잎마름률과 같은 경향이었다. 수확 50일 후의 구중은 화경 제거구가 무제거구에 비해 ‘올캐’마늘은 11%, ‘남도’마늘은 13%정도 많았다. 40g 이상의 대구 분포비율은 화경제거구가 무처리구에 비해 ‘올캐’마늘은 약 27%, ‘남도’마늘은 약 44% 정도 많았다. 따라서 두 품종 모두 화경을 제거해 주는 것이 대구 생산에 유리하며 특히 ‘남도’마늘은 화경제거 효과가 컷다. 화경제거 방법간에는 통계적인 유의차가 없었다. 열구 발생률과 저장중 부패율은 화경제거 유무 및 제거방법에 따른 차이가 없었다. This study was carried out to investigate characteristics of new garlic cultivar ‘Alkae’ and to identify the effect of scape removal on bulb characteristics and growth of garlic cultivar ‘Alkae’ and ‘Namdo’. Bolting time and harvesting time were earlier about 20 days in 'Alkae' than those in ‘Namdo’. ‘Alkae’ was inferior to ‘Namdo’ in top growth as plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, SPAD value, diameter of leaf sheath, and so on. but root developing was better in ‘Alkae’. Bulb weight of ‘Alkae’ was 17% more than that of ‘Namdo’, harvested on proper time. The ratio of bulb weight over 40 g was almost double in ‘Namdo’ as 48% with ‘Alkae’ as 25%. Occurrence of bulb cracking was more considerable in ‘Alkae’ and the number of clove per bulb was 1.9 more in ‘Alkae’ than ‘Namdo’, but the ratio of bulb rot during storage was higher in ‘Namdo’ than ‘Alkae’. In treatments of scape removal, SPAD value did not show any difference between two cultivars. Leaf dryness was earlier and harder than control and leaf area showed the same tendency as leaf dryness, and there were no significant differences among the methods of scape removal. The bulb weight and the ratio of bulb weight over 40 g at 50 days after the harvest of ‘Alkae’, 'Namdo' were more 10%, 12% and 27%, 44% in scape removal treatment than control. and there were no significant differences among the methods of scape removal. So, scape removal was very effective to increase large bulb production in the two garlic cultivals and the effect was higher in ‘Namdo’ than ‘Alkae’. The ratio of bulb cracking and the occurrence of bulb rot were almost same in with the scape removal and non removal groups And also there were no significant differences among the methods of scape removal.