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Chapman, B.,Dendy, R.O.,Chapman, S.C.,McClements, K.G.,Yun, G.S.,Thatipamula, S.G.,Kim, M.H. International Atomic Energy Agency 2018 Nuclear fusion Vol.58 No.9
<P>The radio frequency detection system on the KSTAR tokamak has exceptionally high spectral and temporal resolution. This enables measurement of previously undetected fast plasma phenomena in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies. Here we report and analyse a novel spectrally structured ion cyclotron emission (ICE) feature in the range 500 MHz to 900 MHz, which exhibits chirping on sub-microsecond timescales. Its spectral peaks correspond to harmonics <I>l</I> of the proton cyclotron frequency <I>f</I> <SUB>cp</SUB> at the outer midplane edge, where <I>l</I> = 20–36. This frequency range exceeds estimates of the local lower hybrid frequency <I>f</I> <SUB>LH</SUB> in the KSTAR deuterium plasma. The new feature is time-shifted with respect to a brighter lower-frequency chirping ICE feature in the range 200 MHz (8<I>f</I> <SUB>cp</SUB>) to 500 MHz (20<I>f</I> <SUB>cp</SUB>), which is probably driven (Chapman <I>et al</I> 2017 <I>Nucl. Fusion</I> <B>57</B> 124004) by 3 MeV fusion-born protons undergoing collective relaxation by the magnetoacoustic cyclotron instability (MCI). Here we show that the new, fainter, higher-frequency chirping ICE feature is driven by nonlinear wave coupling between different neighbouring spectral peaks in the lower-frequency ICE feature. This follows from bispectral analysis of the measured KSTAR fields, and of the field amplitudes output from particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of the KSTAR edge plasma containing fusion-born protons. This reinforces the identification of the MCI as the plasma physics process underlying proton harmonic ICE from KSTAR, while providing a novel instance of nonlinear wave coupling on very fast timescales.</P>
Chapman, B.,Dendy, R.O.,McClements, K.G.,Chapman, S.C.,Yun, G.S.,Thatipamula, S.G.,Kim, M.H. International Atomic Energy Agency 2017 Nuclear fusion Vol.57 No.12
<P>During edge localised mode (ELM) crashes in KSTAR deuterium plasmas, bursts of spectrally structured ion cyclotron emission (ICE) are detected. Usually the ICE spectrum chirps downwards during an ELM crash, on sub-microsecond timescales. For KSTAR ICE where the separation of spectral peak frequencies is close to the proton cyclotron frequency <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='$\Omega_{\rm cp}$ ' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0029-5515/57/12/124004/nfaa8e09ieqn001.gif'/> at the outer plasma edge, we show that the driving population of energetic ions is likely to be a subset of the 3 MeV fusion protons, born centrally on deeply passing orbits which drift from the core to the edge plasma. We report first principles modelling of this scenario using a particle-in-cell code, which evolves the full orbit dynamics of large numbers of energetic protons, thermal deuterons, and electrons self-consistently with the electric and magnetic fields. The Fourier transform of the excited fields in the nonlinear saturated regime of the simulations is the theoretical counterpart to the measured ICE spectra. Multiple simulation runs for different, adjacent, values of the plasma density under KSTAR edge conditions enable us to infer the theoretical dependence of ICE spectral structure on the local electron number density. By matching this density dependence to the observed time-dependence of chirping ICE spectra in KSTAR, we obtain sub-microsecond time resolution of the evolving local electron number density during the ELM crash.</P>
Strain control of superlattice implies weak charge-lattice coupling inLa0.5Ca0.5MnO3
Cox, S.,Rosten, E.,Chapman, J. C.,Kos, S.,Calderó,n, M. J.,Kang, D.-J.,Littlewood, P. B.,Midgley, P. A.,Mathur, N. D. American Physical Society 2006 Physical review. B, Condensed matter and materials Vol.73 No.13
INVESTIGATION OF REGENERATIVE AND ANTI-LOCK BRAKING INTERACTION
S. A. OLEKSOWICZ,K. J. BURNHAM,P. BARBER,B. TOTH-ANTAL,G. WAITE,G. HARDWICK,C. HARRINGTON,J. CHAPMAN 한국자동차공학회 2013 International journal of automotive technology Vol.14 No.4
The use of a regenerative braking mode can reduce overall vehicle energy usage for most of the most common drive cycles. However, a number of technical issues restrict the use of regenerative braking for all possible braking situations. These issues are concerned with two key limitations. The first is related to physical limitations of the applied regenerative braking system, e.g. Electric Motor (E-Motor) power limits; energy storage device capacity and vehicle load transfer etc. The second limitation results from the potentially detrimental interaction between regenerative braking and the Anti-locking Braking System (ABS). The first type of limitation can, to some extent, be alleviated by suitable choice of hardware and, as a consequence, will not be discussed further in this paper. The second type of limitation concerns the regenerative braking strategies during an ABS event. Some of the regenerative braking strategies designed and investigated within the Low Carbon Vehicle Technology Project (LCVTP) will be described and analyzed in this paper. A comparison of competing strategies is made and conclusions are drawn together with suggestions for further research. The work has been progressed as a part of a major research programme; namely the LCVTP, which has been conducted within an extensive industrial and academic partnership, mutually funded by the European Regional Development Found and Advantage West Midlands.