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Migration Processes in Central Asia - Key Trends and Challenges. A Glance from Kazakhstan
( Leila F. Delovarova ) 건국대학교 이주사회통합연구소 2022 Journal of Migration and Social Integration (JMSI) Vol.7 No.1
Migration processes in Central Asia have been part of the global process of transformation of modern international relations and contribution to the development. Migration and mobility in the region have undergone significant changes during last three decades. Reflecting almost all of the global migration trends this space have their own characteristics and features. Considering the general trends in the region, it should be noted that all types of migration are active - seasonal labor migration, forced migration, frontier migrations and transit migrations, repatriation. The main trends in Central Asia are labor migration, the steady growth of irregular migration, educational migration, feminization and family migration. The key focus of this article is the international immigration situation in Kazakhstan in the field of low-skilled and unskilled labor migration with some overview the whole migration profile including some aspects of immigration policy and international cooperation. One of the key trends is labor migration - low-skilled or unskilled labor migration which is mostly directed to Russia and Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan has a diversified migration profile and it is an active participant in regional and extra-regional migration processes. Kazakhstan is mostly perceives itself as a host state. The fundamentals of migration policy are focused on attracting compatriots “kandas”, on attracting highly skilled labor and on balancing internal migration. Along with the official involvement of foreign labor, the situation on the labor market has evolved in such a way that there has been and continues to be a need for foreign labor at various levels. The main challenges of labor migration processes lie in the situation and status of migrants, ensuring their rights, integration into the local community and decent working conditions. The pandemic, which has swept all over the world, has most affected vulnerable groups of the population, including migrants with an unprotected legal status. To review and analyze these aspects, it seems important to look at such aspects as the cooperation of all involved countries, the analysis of national, international legislation and international interaction, including the role of the non-governmental sector and the migrant networks themselves.
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