FOREWORD_VIETNAMESE LITERATURE: DIVERSE READINGS BY THE INSIDE

Chi P. Pham,Uma Jayaraman 부산외국어대학교 아세안연구원 2022 Suvannabhumi Vol.14 No.1

Re-writing World Literature through Juxtaposition: Decolonizing Comparative Literature in Vietnam

( Chi P. Pham ),( Ninh H. Do ) 부산외국어대학교 아세안연구원 2022 Suvannabhumi Vol.14 No.1

Postcolonial critics have criticized Comparative Literature for exclusively studying literatures from the non-Western world through Western lenses. In other words, postcolonial criticism asserts that theorists and practitioners of comparative literature have traced the "assistance" of the classic "comparison and contrast" approach to an imperialist discourse, which sustains the superiority of Western cultures and economies. As a countermeasure to reading through the comparative lens, literary theories have offered a "juxtapositional model of comparison" that connects texts across cultures, places, and times. This paper examines practices of Comparative Literature in Vietnam, revealing how the engagement with decolonizing processes leads to a knowledge production that is paradoxically colonial. The paper also analyses implementations of this model in reading select Vietnamese works and highlights how conventional comparisons, largely based on historical influences and reception, maintain the colonial mapping of World Literature, centralizing Western, and more particularly, English Literature and in the process marginalizing the others. Therefore, the practice of juxtaposing Vietnamese literary works with canonical works of the World Literature will provoke dialogues and raise awareness of hitherto marginalized works to an international readership. In this process, the paper considers the contemporary interest of Comparative Literature practice in trans- national, trans-regional, trans-historical, and trans-cultural perspectives.

Ecocriticism in Non-Western Contexts: Natural Disasters, Ecological Wounds, and Colonial Conditions in Thơ mới (Vietnamese New Poetry, 1932-1945)

Pham, Chi P.,Bui, Thi Thu Thuy,Mai, Hoang To Korea Institute for ASEAN Studies 2021 Suvannabhumi Vol.13 No.1

Thơ mới (Vietnamese New Poetry, 1932-1945) is a literary movement in colonial Vietnam that is broadly considered to have marked the modernization of Vietnamese literature. This paper examines depictions about natural disasters, ecological wounds, and about relationships between humans and nature in New Poetry, asking how those descriptions reflect social and political issues in colonial Vietnam. The paper argues that ecocriticism, developed in Western academy, brought to the New Poetry Movement new meanings, associated with a material world. That is the specific reality of colonial Vietnam in the early twentieth century, when the colonial modernization resulted in natural and social collapses in the area. This approach is especially significant, given that New Poetry is largely seen as the embodiment of the expansion of Western romanticism by Vietnamese scholars. Moreover, in examining Thơ mới (Vietnam) from perspective of ecocriticism, this paper extends the ecocritical approach to non-Western literatures. Specifically, although ecocriticism developed in the West, particularly in United States and England, it has become an effective approach to non-Western literatures, particularly since the early twentieth first century. In this context, Asian literatures, particularly Southeast Asian literatures, potentially offer ecocriticism new meanings, many of which are associated with local social and political conditions and histories.

Ecocriticism in Non-Western Contexts: Natural Disasters, Ecological Wounds, and Colonial Conditions in Thơ mới (Vietnamese New Poetry, 1932-1945)

( Chi P. Pham ),( Bui Thi Thu Thuy ),( Hoang To Mai ) 부산외국어대학교 아세안연구원(구 부산외국어대학교 동남아지역원) 2021 Suvannabhumi Vol.13 No.1

Thơ mới (Vietnamese New Poetry, 1932-1945) is a literary movement in colonial Vietnam that is broadly considered to have marked the modernization of Vietnamese literature. This paper examines depictions about natural disasters, ecological wounds, and about relationships between humans and nature in New Poetry, asking how those descriptions reflect social and political issues in colonial Vietnam. The paper argues that ecocriticism, developed in Western academy, brought to the New Poetry Movement new meanings, associated with a material world. That is the specific reality of colonial Vietnam in the early twentieth century, when the colonial modernization resulted in natural and social collapses in the area. This approach is especially significant, given that New Poetry is largely seen as the embodiment of the expansion of Western romanticism by Vietnamese scholars. Moreover, in examining Thơ mới (Vietnam) from perspective of ecocriticism, this paper extends the ecocritical approach to non-Western literatures. Specifically, although ecocriticism developed in the West, particularly in United States and England, it has become an effective approach to non-Western literatures, particularly since the early twentieth first century. In this context, Asian literatures, particularly Southeast Asian literatures, potentially offer ecocriticism new meanings, many of which are associated with local social and political conditions and histories.

The Visit of Rabindranath Tagore and Dynamics of Nationalism in Colonial Vietnam

Chi P. Pham 부산외국어대학교 아세안연구원 2023 Suvannabhumi Vol.15 No.1

Numerous journalistic and literary writings about the Indian writer Rabindranath Tagore, the first Asian awardee of the Nobel Prize for Literature (1913), appeared in newspapers of colonial Vietnam. His stop-over in Saigon (Cochin China) in 1929 created political discussions in contemporary journalism and other publications. Tagore and his visit to Saigon inspired Vietnamese intellectuals and stirred diverse anti-colonial thought. This paper examines writings and images about Tagore in colonial Vietnamese journals and newspapers, reconstructing how intellectuals recalled and imagined him as they also engaged with anti-colonial thought, particularly anti-colonial modernity and anti-capitalism. Contextualizing the reception of Tagore in colonial projects of modernizing the Vietnamese colony, the paper argues that discussions inspired by Tagore’s visit embody contemporary nationalist ideology.

VIETNAMESE LITERATURE: DIVERSE READINGS BY THE INSIDE

Pham, Chi P.,Jayaraman, Uma Korea Institute for ASEAN Studies 2022 Suvannabhumi Vol.14 No.1

TENSILE, FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF WOVEN JUTE/GLASS AND JUTE/SILK HYBRID COMPOSITES

P. Noorunnisa Khanam,Chi Hoon Jeon,Pham Thanh Nhut,Young Jin Yum 대한기계학회 2011 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2011 No.10

Unsaturated polyester based woven jute/glass and woven jute/silk fibre hybrid composites were prepared by hand layup method. Mechanical properties like tensile and flexural properties were studied for these hybrid composites. Tensile and flexural properties were also studied for woven jute, woven silk fibre composites and also for matrix. The results of jute/glass and jute/silk composites were compared with the results of jute/silk hybrid composites. From the results, it was observed that jute/glass hybrid composites showed better properties than jute/silk fibre reinforced hybrid composites. It was also observed that jute fibre properties were improved by adding glass and silk fibre in hybrid composites. Mechanical tests were carried out by using ASTM methods.

Economic Growth, Financial Development, and Trade Openness of Leading Countries in ASEAN

HO, Chi H.P.,PHAM, Nhan N.T.,NGUYEN, Kiet T. Korea Distribution Science Association 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.3

The study examines the causal relationship between financial development and economic growth through trade openness for the leading ASEAN countries (Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam). The study employs a panel data for the period of 25 years spanning from 1995 to 2015 for the six countries, yielding a balanced panel of 150 observations. Fixed effect model (FEM) and random effect model (REM) are used for the panel data, following the Hausman test performed for model selection. The trivariate Granger causality test is also used to check for possible relationship between the variables. The results show that REM is chosen based on the Hausman test result, suggesting that the trade openness has a positive association with growth whereas the financial development is positively, but insignificantly associated with growth. The reason for this is that the financial development and economic growth may be related to each other. The results are, then, further explored and confirmed by the causality test. That is, the financial development and the economic growth, through the trade openness, are found to have bidirectional positive relationships. This implies that there would be shortcomings when ignoring the presence of trade openness, which positively impacts the relationship between finance and growth.

Continuing Marxist-Leninist Perspectives of Literature in Vietnam: Social Criticism in Vietnamese Ecocriticism

( Thanh T. Ho ),( Chi P. Pham ) 부산외국어대학교 아세안연구원 2023 Suvannabhumi Vol.15 No.2

Many publications of ecocritical research papers and translations of ecocriticism occur in Vietnam in recent years. This paper examines ecocritical scholarly writing in Vietnam, understanding how it corresponds to―reflects and attends to ―contemporary Vietnamese society and politics. Specifically, this paper contextualizes Vietnamese ecocriticism in contemporary social and political concerns―embodied in journalistic and administrative documents―about the modernity-oriented postcolonial nation-building of Vietnam. In revealing critiques of political and social degenerations implied in ecocritical writings in Vietnam, this paper suggests that the emergence of ecocriticism in present-day Vietnam indicates a recent “political turn.” More importantly, such emergence reflects and engages with the continuing Marxist perspective of literature as an instrument for social criticism and cultural revolution in Vietnam. Vietnamese ecocritics bear the mission of prophets of the time, public educators, and soul engineers, writing is an act of engaging with and influencing reality. Writing (literary and scholarly) still forms an idealized ideological instrument in the struggles for national homogeneity and sovereignty and social democracy in present-day Vietnam.