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( Bert Chapman ) 한국국방연구원 2016 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.28 No.1
Numerous U.S. government agencies are involved in developing and implementing U.S. policy toward Korean Peninsula events, trends, and developments. Those studying U.S. government policies toward this region need to pay particular attention to the role played by U.S. Congressional committees in this policymaking. Congressional committees are responsible for approving new legislation, revising existing legislation, funding U.S. government programs and conducting oversight of these programs. This work examines Congressional committee hearings and debate during the 113th Congress (2013.2014) and reveals that multiple Congressional committees with varying jurisdictions seek to shape U.S. government Korean Peninsula policy and that this policymaking covers more than international relations and international security issues.
The East China Sea in DOD China Military Power Reports
( Bert Chapman ) 한국국방연구원 2017 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.29 No.1
The National Defense Authorization Act of 2000 saw Congress require the Department of Defense (DOD) to prepare an annual report on Chinese military power. This report contains classified and unclassified editions. Documenting Chinese military developments, strategy, and trends are critical parts of these reports. Beijing`s military activities in the East China Sea (ECS) are important report components. This work explains the importance of these and other DOD reports for those studying ECS developments, examines how DOD has documented Beijing`s military activities within these publicly accessible reports, and describes how members of Congress have reacted to ECS developments during the Obama Administration.
Britto, Sylvia,Leskes, Michal,Hua, Xiao,Hé,bert, Claire-Alice,Shin, Hyeon Suk,Clarke, Simon,Borkiewicz, Olaf,Chapman, Karena W.,Seshadri, Ram,Cho, Jaephil,Grey, Clare P. American Chemical Society 2015 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.137 No.26
<P>Vanadium sulfide VS<SUB>4</SUB> in the patronite mineral structure is a linear chain compound comprising vanadium atoms coordinated by disulfide anions [S<SUB>2</SUB>]<SUP>2–</SUP>. <SUP>51</SUP>V NMR shows that the material, despite having V formally in the d<SUP>1</SUP> configuration, is diamagnetic, suggesting potential dimerization through metal–metal bonding associated with a Peierls distortion of the linear chains. This is supported by density functional calculations, and is also consistent with the observed alternation in V–V distances of 2.8 and 3.2 Å along the chains. Partial lithiation results in reduction of the disulfide ions to sulfide S<SUP>2–</SUP>, via an internal redox process whereby an electron from V<SUP>4+</SUP> is transferred to [S<SUB>2</SUB>]<SUP>2–</SUP> resulting in oxidation of V<SUP>4+</SUP> to V<SUP>5+</SUP> and reduction of the [S<SUB>2</SUB>]<SUP>2–</SUP> to S<SUP>2–</SUP> to form Li<SUB>3</SUB>VS<SUB>4</SUB> containing tetrahedral [VS<SUB>4</SUB>]<SUP>3–</SUP> anions. On further lithiation this is followed by reduction of the V<SUP>5+</SUP> in Li<SUB>3</SUB>VS<SUB>4</SUB> to form Li<SUB>3+x</SUB>VS<SUB>4</SUB> (<I>x</I> = 0.5–1), a mixed valent V<SUP>4+</SUP>/V<SUP>5+</SUP> compound. Eventually reduction to Li<SUB>2</SUB>S plus elemental V occurs. Despite the complex redox processes involving both the cation and the anion occurring in this material, the system is found to be partially reversible between 0 and 3 V. The unusual redox processes in this system are elucidated using a suite of short-range characterization tools including <SUP>51</SUP>V nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), S K-edge X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES), and pair distribution function (PDF) analysis of X-ray data.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2015/jacsat.2015.137.issue-26/jacs.5b03395/production/images/medium/ja-2015-03395v_0013.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja5b03395'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>