The effect of fluctuation in flow rate on the performance of conventional and membrane water treatment for a smart water grid

Park, No-Suk,Kim, Seong-Su,Chae, Seon-Ha,Kim, Suhan Balaban Publishers 2012 Desalination and Water Treatment Vol.47 No.1

<P> A smart water grid can save water and energy by delivering the water to consumers according to the time-dependent demands. One of the key water treatment technologies for a smart water grid is to control the water supply rate as per the consumers’ demand. However, a conventional water treatment plant is designed for a constant production rate operation, which is not appropriate for a smart water grid. The present study focuses on the effect of fluctuation on the production rate of three water treatment technologies: i.e. (1) sedimentation followed by ozonation and coagulation/flocculation, (2) sand filtration followed by coagulation/ flocculation and sedimentation, and (3) membrane process (microfiltration [MF]). For sedimentation and sand filtration processes, the pilot- and real-scale plant data were analyzed to investigate the fluctuation patterns of the flow rate and water quality. For the membrane process, an MF operation was simulated to investigate the effect of fluctuation flux on the membrane fouling rate. Two key findings emerged from the pilot and field data analyses and simulation results in the present study. First, there exists a time delay between the input and output flow fluctuations for sedimentation and sand filtration processes, and the water quality is changed during and after the time delay for the flow rate fluctuation. Second, in the MF process, the flow rate fluctuation does not have any significant effect either on the permeate water quality or on the fouling behavior. </P>

스마트 워터 그리드 내에서 워터 블렌딩을 고려한 역삼투 해수담수화 플랜트 설계

이홍주,박한배,우달식,김수한 대한상하수도학회 2015 상하수도학회지 Vol.29 No.1

Smart water grid is a water network with communication to save water and energy using various water resources. In smart water grid, water product from the various sources can be blended to be supplied to end-users. The product water blending was reported by literatures while feed water blending has been rarely reported so far. In this work, a commercial reverse osmosis (RO) system design software provided by a membrane manufacturer was used to elucidate the effect of feed water blending on the performance of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plant. Fresh water from exisiting water resource was assumed to be blended to seawater to decrease salt concentration of the RO feed water. The feed water blending can simplify the RO system from double to single pass and decrease seawater intake amount, the unit prices of the RO system components including high pressure pump, and operation risk. Due to the increase in RO plant capacity with the feed water blending, however, the RO membrane area and total power consumption increase at higher water blending rates. Therefore, a specific benefit-cost analysis should be carried out to apply the feed water blending to SWRO plants.

A Study on Type of Smart Water Grid Pipeline System (multi water-loop system) and Application Method

Hyun dong Lee,Joon Hyung Lee 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Control and Automation Vol.7 No.11

In these days, water-loop system using multi water resources is lively discussed. This system distributes water effectively by using multi water resources instead of new water resources development. Multi water resources consist of surface water, rainwater, reclaimed water, seawater etc. This system would be distributing sanitary water stably, and able to economical maintain the related facilities. Also, this system has an emergency reaction ability when system is faced with accident. Especially, if multi water loop system is constructed by using the city’s securable water, nation’s water resources will be utilized effectively and water resources will be developed or reused on a small scale. The neces elements of water-loop system design are suggested in this research. The elements are the followings; Model of connected water-loop pipe networks, platform model of multi water resources loop system, range of technology, difference with existing systems and direction of construction.

Development of Security Module for Smart Water Meter in the Advanced Metering Infrastructure

홍석원,박형모,채수권 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 보안공학연구논문지 Vol.11 No.6

The Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is an essential part of the smart water grid. One of the daunting challenges in realizing the services in the AMI system is the security issue. In this paper first we investigate the AMI communication system, and then address security requirements for water meters in the AMI system. We point out the distinguished features of the water meter compared to the smart meter. Then, we address the issues for developing the water meter in three aspects: key distribution, deployment and implementation. Finally, we propose security measures that we take in developing security modules for the smart water meter to meet these requirements.

스마트 워터 그리드 서비스 Framework 개발에 관한 연구

김성훈(Kim, Seong-Hoon),오현제(Oh, Hyunje),정진홍(Jung, Jinhong),김원재(Kim, Weonjae),윤영한(Yoon, Young H.) 한국산학기술학회 2012 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.13 No.12

최근 우리가 살고 있는 정보화 사회의 가장 중요한 화두 중 하나로 “스마트”가 떠오르고 있으며 통신 및 사회간접자본 분야 등을 포함한 사회의 여러 영역이 이 주제로 빠르고 접근하고 있다. 국내에서는 전력분야에서의 우선접근이 비교적 성공적인 평가를 받고 있으며 물공급 분야는 이제 막 그 첫발을 내 딛고 있는 것이 현실이다. 이 러한 관점에서 본 연구는 “스마트 워터 그리드” 서비스를 위한 프레임웤 개발에 그 목적이 있다. 연구의 절차로, 우 선 국내외 관련 연구가 조사되었고, “스마트 워터 그리드” 서비스를 구성하는 4 기술요소가 정의 되었다. 4 기술요 소분야 각각에 대해 프레임웤 모델링이 수행되었고 그 결과로 각각에 대한 TRM이 제시된다. 또한 4 요소영역을 아 우르는 전체 서비스에 대한 종합적 TRM이 제시되고 본 논문에서 제시되는 프레임웤 모델과 유사 모델을 비교하면 서 차별성 있는 연구내용의 전개와 두 모델의 연계컨셉이 정의되었다. 엔터프라이즈 통합모델, 즉, 매크로 레벨부터 마이크로 레벨 적용과 서비스를 온전히 커버하기위해 필요한 두 모델의 합체운영 컨셉과 이러한 상호연계성 위에서 작용하는 마이크로 레벨 모델의 현실화를 통해 물관리분야에서의 스마트화 구현에 현 논문이 다소간 기여하기를 기 대한다. The current society, namely information society is now moving to a specific topic which is SMART. In this sense, recently a variety of social areas including communications and SOC domains are moving fast to this topic. In Korea, The electric power area has been doing a pioneering job relatively successfully and the water supply area is just now taking the first step. The purpose of this research is to develop a technical Framework for Smart Water Grid Service. Related researches has been studied and the 4 constituting technical element areas were defined first. For each of the four areas, a framework modeling was fulfilled and as a result, a TRM(Technical Road Map) was suggested for each of the area. Finally, an Enterprise TRM covering all of the 4 areas was described. Furthermore, the currently suggested Framework model was compared to a related model and it was found that the integration of the models is desirable to wholly cover from Macro to Micro level applications and services. It is expected that the current approach contribute ,more or less, to the smart implementation in the areas of water management.

스마트 워터그리드 네트워크의 원격 단말기 보안을 위한 암호화 모듈에 관한 연구

박승환 ( Seung Hwan Park ),박형모 ( Hyung Mo Park ),김창복 ( Chang Bok Kim ) 한국항행학회 2013 韓國航行學會論文誌 Vol.17 No.6

본 논문은 스마트 워터그리드의 원격단말기와 상위 서버단간의 검침 및 제어 데이터의 안정적 전송을 위한 보안모듈에 대해 연구하였다. 제안한 보안모듈은 기존에 보급되어 사용 중인 보안성 없는 원격 단말기에 부착할 수 있도록 구현되었다. 특히, 전기 분야의 스마트그리드와는 달리 스마트 워터그리드는 배터리 전원을 사용하므로 저 전력을 고려하였으며, 지하에 설치되는 계량기 위치에 의한 습하고 열악한 환경이 대단위 네트워크시스템 구축 시 통신 장애 발생시키는 점을 고려하여 ARIA-GCM-128 대칭키 방식을 채택하였다. 본 논문의 암호화 모듈은 단말기의 검침 데이터와 상위 서버단의 제어 데이터에 대한 보안을 확보하고 임의로 위변조 되는 것을 방지하여 원격검침 시스템에 대한 안정성을 확보할 수 있도록 구현되었다. This paper studies the security module for the reliable transmission of the meter reading and the control data between the remote terminals and the upper server-side in smart water grid. The proposed security module was implemented to make it attachable to the remote terminal without security function. In particular, unlike the smart grid of electric field, the low power is considered due to the use of battery power in the smart water grid, and the ARIA-GCM-128 symmetric key method is adopted taking into the account that the damp and constrictive environments by the installed meter location in the underground occur a communication obstacle on building of the large-scale network system. The encryption module of this paper was devised to ensure the safety between the reading data on the terminal and the control data from the upper server, and secure the stability of the remote meter reading system by taking protection against an arbitrary alteration or modification.

Development of Security Module for Smart Water Meter in the Advanced Metering Infrastruc

Sugwon Hong,Hyung-Mo Park,Soo-Kwon Chae 보안공학연구지원센터(JSE) 2014 보안공학연구논문지 Vol.11 No.6

The Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is an essential part of the smart water grid. One of the daunting challenges in realizing the services in the AMI system is the security issue. In this paper first we investigate the AMI communication system, and then address security requirements for water meters in the AMI system. We point out the distinguished features of the water meter compared to the smart meter. Then, we address the issues for developing the water meter in three aspects: key distribution, deployment and implementation. Finally, we propose security measures that we take in developing security modules for the smart water meter to meet these requirements.

다중수원 관망 시스템 유형 및 구축방안에 관한 연구

이준형(Joon-Hyung Lee),이현동(Hyun-Dong Lee),곽필재(Pill-Jae Kwak) 융복합지식학회 2015 융복합지식학회논문지 Vol.3 No.1

최근 신규 수자원의 개발보다는 하천수, 빗물, 하수처리수, 해수 등 지역 내 다양한 수자원을 효율적으로 이용하여 분배하는 다중수원을 활용한 관망시스템에 대한 논의가 활발하다. 다중수원을 활용한 관망시스템은 위생적으로 안전한 물을 항상 안정적으로 공급하는 기능을 할 수 있으며, 관련 시설물의 현대화 및 고도화로 경제적 유지관리가 가능하고 사고시에도 비상대처 능력이 확보된 시스템이라고 할 수 있다. 특히, 지역내 확보 가능한 수자원을 이용하여 다중수원 관망 시스템을 구축하면, 소규모로 수자원 개발 및 재이용을 할 수 있고 국가 수자원을 효율적으로 이용할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 지역 내의 다양한 수자원을 이용 할 수 있는 다중수원 관망 시스템 설계에 필요한 연계관망 모형 다중수원 워터 플랫폼 모형, 기술범위, 기존시스템과의 차별성 및 구축방향에 대하여 제시하였다. In these days, water-loop system using multi water resources is lively discussed. This system distributes water effectively by using multi water resources instead of new water resources development. Multi water resources consist of surface water, rainwater, reclaimed water, seawater etc. This system would be distributing sanitary water stably, and able to economical maintain the related facilities. Also, this system has an emergency reaction ability when system is faced with accident. Especially, if multi water loop system is constructed by using the city’s securable water, nation’s water resources will be utilized effectively and water resources will be developed or reused on a small scale. The necessary elements of water-loop system design are suggested in this research. The elements are the followings; Model of connected water-loop pipe networks, platform model of multi water resources loop system, range of technology, difference with existing systems and direction of construction.

지능적 물관리를 위한 통합 데이터베이스 표준화 구축에 관한 연구

정지원(Ji-won Jung),최진탁(Jin-Tak Choi),이동섭(Dong-Seop Lee),정승권(Seung-Kwon Jung) 한국정보기술학회 2015 한국정보기술학회논문지 Vol.13 No.5

Recently, Require intelligent water management in accordance with the recent development of the worlds water management paradigm change and information and communications technology, and than foreign advanced water-related institutions in the project is to increase the sharing and utilization of hydrologic data through standardization of water information in progress. However, domestic water agencies are interested in information about the water and increase standardization. To ensure the international competitiveness in the world market, the standardization of water is important. This study presents the Smart Water Grid database standardized way for intelligent water management. We analyzed the national portal DB research and analysis in conjunction with data flow for this purpose, proposed a DB-Dictionary and data types for data standardization scheme.

A Study on Integrated Operation of Monitoring Systems using a Water Management Scenario

Yong-Hyeon Gwon,Seung-Kwon Jung,Su-Won Lee,Jin-Tak Choi 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.9 No.9

Recent shifts in the water resource management paradigm and information and communication technologies (ICT) call for platform-based integrated operation management technology, which provides the multidimensional approach of two-way communication. To domestically prepare for such paradigm changes, research on the Smart Water Grid, which is intelligent water management that combines water resource management with ICT, remains ongoing. In this paper, we propose a framework for using the components of a variety of program modules to build an intelligent water-management-integrated operation system that is appropriate for the Smart Water Grid. In addition, we suggest a system development environment and integrated operation system implementation plan for using the Core-Platform framework