연어과 어류의 계군분석을 위한 기생충의 활용

김정호,Kim, Jeong-Ho 한국해양학회 2007 바다 Vol.12 No.2

본 총설에서는 연어과 어류의 계군 분석을 위한 생물학적 표식으로서의 기생충의 유용성에 관하여 다루었다. 계군의 정의는 학자에 따라 다양하지만, 대부분은 본질적으로 서로 유사한 생물학적 특징을 가지며 타 계군과의 혼합 없이도 스스로 번식이 가능하여 일정한 규모를 유지할 수 있는 일련의 개체들의 모임을 계군으로 정의하고 있다. 이 계군을 관리하는 일은 지속적인 생산 및 소비를 위하여 매우 중요하며 특히 연어과 어류의 계군은 각국이 지속적인 자원 확보를 위하여 적극적으로 치어를 방류하고 있으며, 이는 각국의 자산으로 간주되므로 공해 상에서 계군을 구분하여야 한다. 계군을 구분하는 방법은 매우 다양하다. 인공 표식, 기생충과 같은 생물학적 표식, 이석 분석, 비늘 분석, 유전정보 분석 등의 방법이 있는데, 각각 장점과 단점이 있으며, 이 중에서 기생충과 같은 생물학적 표식은 별도의 비용이 들지 않는다는 장점이 있다. 기생충이 존재하는 수역을 감수성이 있는 어류가 통과할 때 이 기생충에 감염이 된다. 이후, 감염된 어류가 이동하여 기생충이 존재하지 않는 수역에서 포획될 경우, 이 개체가 기생충이 존재하는 지역을 통과하였음을 유추해 낼 수 있다. 따라서 이 개체는 기생충에 의해 자연히 표식되는 셈이 된다. 그러나 이 지역을 통과하지 않는 개체는 기생충에 의해 표식되지 않는다. 그러므로 이 생물학적 표식을 통해 각각의 계군을 구분할 수 있으며 이동 경로도 추적이 가능하다. 여기서는 연어과 어류 연구를 목적으로 기생충을 생물학적 표식으로 사용한 각종 예를 들었으며, 이 방법의 장점 및 단점 또한 서술하였다. 연어(Oncorhyunchus keta)는 국내에 소상하는 주된 연어과 어류이며, 북태평양 전역에 분포한다. 한국산 연어는 오호츠크해를 거쳐 북서태평양 및 베링해로 이동한 후 회유하는 것으로 생각된다. 그렇지만, 한국산 연어의 공해 상에서 분포 및 회유 경로에 대해서는 확실하게 알려지지 않은 부분이 많으며 한국산 연어 계군을 타 계군과 확실하게 구분할 수 있는 표식도 아직까지는 존재하지 않는다. 여기에서는 기생충에 관한 정보를 포함한 한국산 연어의 계군 분석에 대한 최근의 연구 결과에 관하여 마지막으로 언급하였다. This paper reviews the use of parasites as 'biological tags' for studying stock analysis of salmonid fishes. Numerous definitions of stock concepts exist, but most of them essentially define a group of fish as having similar biological characteristics and being self-reproducing as stocks. It is important to manage fish stocks for human consumption and sustainable production and especially for salmonid fishes. Because these fry are considered as each country's property, it is necessary to identify and discriminate each fish stock in the open sea. Methods of separating fish stocks are very diverse. Artificial tags, parasites, otoliths scales and genetic characters have been used for stock analysis and each method has advantages and disadvantages. Of these parasites can be good biological tags because they are applied by nature at no cost. Parasites can be infected with susceptible host fishes when they enter into certain areas. Then if they move to the outside and are caught researchers can infer that the fish had been in the endemic area for a period of time during their life. Hence the host fish can be considered as naturally 'tagged' by parasites. However, if they do not pass the parasites-endemic. area, they will harbour no parasites. Therefore, researchers can discriminate each fish stocks and trace their migration routes with these biological tags. In this paper, several examples on the use of parasites as biological tags for studying salmonids, as well as other species, are listed. The advantages and limitations of parasites as biological tags are also discussed. Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), the main salmonid species migrating to Korea, is distributed all around the North Pacific. Korean chum salmon are generally thought to move to the Sea of Okhotsk, the western North Pacific and the Bering Sea. However, there is no clear information on the distribution and migration pathways of Korean chum salmon, and no markers exist for separating them from others yet. Recent Korean chum salmon stock analysis including parasites information are mentioned.

한국 고대 기생충과 질병

전용호(Jeon, Yong-Ho),서민석(Seo, Min-Seok),홍종하(Hong, Jong-Ha) 한국고대사학회 2021 韓國古代史硏究 Vol.- No.102

삼국~통일신라시대의 화장실 관련 생활유적에서 검출된 기생충은 고고학(+문헌사), 생물학, 의학 관련 연구자들의 융복합연구로 과거 사람들의 삶을 이해함에 중요한 자료로 받아들여지고 있다. 그리고 기생충은 고대인들의 식생활이나 질병 등을 살펴볼 수 있는 자료이기도 하다. 인분을 활용한 농경이나 오수 처리 시스템 등과 같은 도시환경이나 경관까지도 폭넓게 파악할 수가 있다. 또한 기생충의 DNA 추출 등 새로운 자연과학적 분석을 적용하여 기생충의 진화 과정을 복원하여 질병의 역사적 흐름을 추적하는데 상당히 유익하다. 기생충의 검출이 곧바로 ‘화장실’이라고 단정하는데 신중해야 한다. 기생충은 도시의 오수 처리와 관련한 시설에서도 검출되기도 한다. 화장실이 아니라 분뇨를 폐기하는 시설도 존재할 수 있다. 기존에 수세식 화장실로 보아왔던 유구에 대해서도 재검토가 필요하다. 고대에서부터 20세기까지도 분뇨는 地力을 높일 수 있는 유용한 비료로 활용되어 왔다. 기생충에 의한 감염은 분뇨를 비료로 이용한 농경으로 일어날 수도 있다. 화장실은 인류 역사와 함께했다고 해도 과언이 아니다. 과거부터 인간은 음식을 먹는것뿐만 아니라 배설의 중요성도 인식하였기에 농경사회로 전환됨과 동시에 거주지에서의 화장실 존재가 필요했다. 하지만 고대 사회는 사람의 분변을 활용한 농경법의 발달과 더불어 비위생적인 하수처리, 잦은 하수의 범람 등 다양한 조건에 기생충에 노출되었을 것으로 추정된다. 기생충은 화장실에서뿐만 아니라 다양한 조건으로 과거부터 현재까지 우리 인간과 접촉되어 있으며, 우리의 생활 패턴과 거주문화에 따라 그 양상도 달라진다. 국내외 사례에서 보더라도 인구가 밀집한 지역, 강의 범람, 농경지나 정원 등에서는 화장실 유구가 아니더라도 고대 기생충의 흔적을 찾을 수 있는 기회가 많다. 이러한 경향을 근거로 향후 고고학적 유적의 토양과 퇴적물을 심도 있게 관찰, 조사, 연구하여 고대 사회의 음식문화, 유통경로, 공중위생, 질병관계 등을 이해하고 발전시켜 한반도 고대사의 새로운 이정표가 되길 기대한다. The parasites detected in residential remains related to toilets from the Period of Three States to Unified Silla Period are estimated to be important in understanding the life of ancient people as multidisciplinary research related to archaeology (+bibliographic history), biology, and medical science. Parasites are important for investigating the diets and diseases that infected ancient people. They enable the extensive identification of the urban environment or landscape, including farming using excrement or waste from sewage treatment systems. Furthermore, parasites are very useful in tracking the historic trend of diseases due to the evolution process of parasites by applying new natural scientific analysis techniques, including the DNA extraction of parasites. Care must be taken when concluding that parasites are found in ‘toilets’. Parasites can be also detected in the facilities related to the sewage treatment facilities in a town. The facility treating excrement might exist instead of toilets. It is also required to reanalyze the remains which were considered as a flush toilet in the past. Excrement was used as an effective fertilizer, enhancing the fertility of soil, from ancient times to the 20<SUP>th</SUP> century. It should be considered that infections by parasites were based on farming using excrement as fertilizer. It’s not too much to say that toilets were always in human history. Since people recognized the importance of excretion, as much as having food , toilets was required for residential sites as the farming society grew. However, it is estimated that ancient society was exposed to parasites in various conditions, including from unsanitary sewage treatment and the frequent flooding of sewage along with the development of agricultural technology using human excrement. Parasites have had close contact with human beings from the past until now in diverse conditions, including in toilets. The forms of parasites vary depending on the lifestyles and residential culture of human beings. There will be lots of opportunity to find traces of ancient parasites in densely populated areas, flood planes of rivers, farmland, or gardens in Korea and abroad, with some places even having except toilet remains. Accordingly, it is expected that the analysis of results from this study may be a new milestone in the ancient history of the Korean peninsula by observing, investigating, and analyzing the soil and deposits in archaeologic remains in depth and thus understanding and developing food culture, public hygiene, and disease relationships in ancient society in the future.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Intestinal Parasite Infection among Schoolchildren in the Peripheral Highland Regions of Huanuco, Peru

최병진,김봉영 질병관리본부 2017 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.8 No.5

Objectives: Schoolchildren in developing countries are at greater risk of intestinal parasitic infections. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and assess the risk factors of intestinal parasite infection among schoolchildren in rural areas of Peru. Methods: A volunteer team from the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) conducted a campaign for parasite eradication called “Chao parasitos” at five schools in the peripheral highland regions of Huanuco in October 2013. The study collected questionnaires and stool samples from children of participating schools. Entamoeba coli, Iodamoeba buschii, and Chilomastix mesnil were classified as nonpathogenic parasites. Results: The overall prevalence of intestinal parasite infection in the students was 100% (185/185). Among them, 25.9% (48/185) were infected only with nonpathogenic parasites whereas 74.1% (137/185) were infected with at least one pathogenic parasite. Ascaris lumbricoides was the most commonly detected (37.3%, 69/185), followed by Giardia lamblia (15.1%, 28/185) and I. buschii (11.9%, 22/185). Among lifestyle practices associated with parasitic infection, the rate of washing hands before meals was significantly lower in the students with pathogenic parasites compared to those with nonpathogenic parasites (77.4%, 106/137 vs. 93.8%, 45/48, p = 0.025). Conclusion: The prevalence of intestinal parasite was 100%. Both personal hygiene and water supply facilities are required to eradicate parasite infection in rural areas of Peru.

Studies on Some Parasites from Aquarium Rockfishes, Sebastes spp.

Chun, Kae-Shik Korean Society of Environmental Health 2003 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.29 No.4

The results of study of the parasites of rockfishes, Sebastes spp. collected at Oregon coast aquarium during April 6 to June 30, 2002 are presented. Six species of parasites were recovered from examination of 19 rockfishes with an incidence of infection of 42.1 %. This study investigated parasitic infestation of 7 black rock-fish, Sebastes melanops ; 3 quillback rockfish, S. maliger ; 2 yellowtail rockfish, S. flavidus ; 3 canary rockfish, S. pinniger 2 yelloweye rockfish, S. ruberrimus ; 2 tiger rockfish, S. nigrocinctus. Sebastes spp. from aquarium were found to be infested with parasites: Mycrocotyle sebastis, Megalocotyle trituba, Clavella uncinata, Anisakis simplex larvae, Contracaecum sp. larvae, Pseudoterranova decipiens larvae. Prevalence and mean intensity of rockfishes were infected respectively as follows: 21.1%, 4.0 of M. sebastis, 10.5%, 55.5 of M. trituba, 21.1%, 34.3 of A. simplex larvae, 10.5%, 15.0 of Contracaecum sp. larvae, 10.5%, 8.5 of Pseudoterranova decipiens larvae and 10.5%, 5.0 of Clavella uncinata. This study reveled that gills and gastrointestinal tracts of S. pinniger were heavily infested with M. trituba and A. simplex larvae.

Distribution of Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infection in Domestic Pigs in the Republic of Korea: Nationwide Survey from 2020-2021

Lee, Subin,Alkathiri, Badriah,Kwak, Dongmi,Lee, Sang-Myeong,Lee, Wan-Kyu,Byun, Jae-Won,Lee, Seung-Hun The Korea Society for Parasitology and Tropical Me 2022 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.60 No.3

This study aimed to examine the distribution of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in domestic pigs in the Republic of Korea. From May 2020 to October 2021, 364 pig fecal samples were collected from 75 farms in 7 Provinces and microscopically examined. A total of 170 (46.7%) pigs were infected with at least one of the following parasites: Balantioides coli, strongyles, Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, and coccidia. By parasite species, B. coli, strongyles, A. suum, T. suis, and coccidia oocysts or eggs were detected in 144 (39.6%), 24 (6.6%), 14 (3.8%), 4 (1.1%), and 1 (0.3%) samples, respectively. One hundred fifty-four, 15, and 1 cases showed single, double, and triple infections, respectively. Of the swine fecal samples from 75 farms, 69 specimens (92.0%) were infected with 1 or more parasites. All surveyed farms across the country exhibited a positive rate of over 30%, among which the highest positive rate was 65.0% in Chungcheongnamdo, and Jeollabuk-do was followed by 61.9%. Winter showed a statistically lower prevalence than other seasons. This study showed that gastrointestinal parasites are prevalent in pigs in Korea, although the diversity of parasites is low.

경남 남부지방의 흑염소 사양관리 및 내부기생충 감염실태 조사

허정호 ( Jeong Ho Heo ),정명호 ( Myung Ho Jung ),조명희 ( Myung Heui Cho ),안동원 ( Dong Won Ahn ),이순선 ( Sun Seon Lee ) 한국가축위생학회 1999 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.22 No.1

Research results on actual management situation of 16 goat farms and internal parasite infection of 155 goats from January to November in 1997 in southern Kyoungnam area were as follows; 1. An average number of goats was 93. Among them, 81 % were farming the goat as avocation with the income rate less then 50%. Eight-four percent of farms terminated the parasites more than twice a year, and the survey showed the black goats had a high digestive and respiratory disease infection rate. 2. The internal parasite infection rate of the black goat was 96.8%, the goats were infected with 13 types of parasites. Of them, Emeria sp was 87.1%, Ostertagia sp 55.5%, Paraphista-num sp 45.8%, and Moniezia expansa 20%, respectively. 3. On the survey of multiple infection rate, both double and triple infection were 19.4%, more than septuple-infection 15,5%, single infection 13.4%, quintuple infection 12.3%, sextuple infection 9.0% and quadruple infection 7.7%, respectively. 4. Look over on seasonal infection rate, higher in fall and lower in winter. Especially, Paramishi-tom sp was higher in summer and winter, both Moniezia expansan and Bonaostom sp were higher in summer. 5. Research on the infection rate of parasites termination period revealed less-than-l-month period had 10-30 infection rate, the infection rate has increased sharply since 3 months passed after the goats were treated with parasite-cid.

Prevalence and Co-infection of Intestinal Parasites among Thai Rural Residents at High-risk of Developing Cholangiocarcinoma: A Cross-sectional Study in a Prospective Cohort Study

Songserm, Nopparat,Promthet, Supannee,Wiangnon, Surapon,Sithithaworn, Paiboon Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.12

Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are still important to the health of Thai rural residents. IPIs are the cause of many chronic diseases with, for example, opisthorchiasis resulting in progression to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). This cross-sectional study in a prospective cohort study aimed to examine the prevalence and co-infection of intestinal parasites among Northeastern Thai rural residents, recruited into the Khon Kaen Cohort Study (KKCS), and who were residing in areas of high-risk for developing CCA. On recruitment, subjects had completed questionnaires and provided fecal samples for IPI testing using the formalin ethyl acetate concentration technique. Data on selected general characteristics and the results of the fecal tests were analysed. IPI test results were available for 18,900 of cohort subjects, and 38.50% were found to be positive for one or more types of intestinal parasite. The prevalence of Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini) infection was the highest (45.7%), followed by intestinal flukes (31.9%), intestinal nematodes (17.7%), intestinal protozoa (3.02%), and intestinal cestodes (1.69%). The pattern of different infections was similar in all age groups. According to a mapping analysis, a higher CCA burden was correlated with a higher prevalence of O. viverrini and intestinal flukes and a greater intensity of O. viverrini. Both prevention and control programs against liver fluke and other intestinal parasites are needed and should be delivered simultaneously. We can anticipate that the design of future control and prevention programmes will accommodate a more community-orientated and participatory approach.

이리지방 고양이의 장내기생충 감염상황

양홍지 ( Hong Ji Yang ),박태욱 ( Tae Wook Park ),천상진 ( Sang Jin Cheon ),윤여백 ( Yea Baek Yoon ),김남주 ( Nam Ju Kim ),박배근 ( Bae Keun Park ),김종승 ( Chong Sung Kim ) 한국가축위생학회 1995 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.18 No.1

As a series of basic study for the prevention of zoonotic parasites, fecal samples and internal organs of cats in Iri and its vicinity were examined for helminth and their ova or protozoan oocysts from November 1994 to March 1995. The results obtained were summarized as follows; Out of the 133 samples, 101(75.9%) were positive and 135(101.5%) were cumulative positive for parasites. The following were identified in the samples and positive numbers of each species detected were; Toxocara cati, 51;Isospora spp., 27;Spirometra erinacei, 26;Taenia taeniaeformis, 24;Diphyllobothrium latum, 4;and Capillaria spp., 3, respectively. In analyzing the state of infection, 64.9%(61 heads) of all the cats inspected had a single infection, while the rest(excluding the 32 uninfected cats) had mixed infections: 27.6%(26 heads), 6.4%(6 heads) and 1.1%(1 heads) had double, triple, quadruple infections, respectively. From these results, it can be concluded that since the helminth, zoonotic parasites, in Korean autochthonal cats cause not only various disorders, but also can be very harmful to human beings, they are considered to be of great significance to public health.

전북지방 닭의 내부기생충 감염상황

최은영 ( Eun Young Choi ),장세군 ( Sae Gun Jang ),조영숙 ( Young Suk Jo ),김지영 ( Ji Young Kim ),임정철 ( Jeong Cheol Im ),천희웅 ( Hee Woong Chon ),양홍지 ( Hong Ji Yang ) 한국가축위생학회 2006 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.29 No.1

In order to detection of the intestinal parasites, fecal samples were taken from broiler (n=290), parent stock (n=168) and laying hen (n=114) in Jeonbuk province. The prevalence and identification of intestinal parasites were determined by the fecal examination using the floatation method and microscopical examination, respectively. The detection rate of parasite-eggs from 3 flocks (total=572) was 44.9%. In the breed and type of breeding, infection rate of parasite-eggs was detected 65.5% as broiler (floor breeding, 290 chickens), 20.2% as parent stock (floor breeding, 168 chickens) and 28.9% as laying hen (cage breeding, 114 chickens), in order. In the concern of mixed infection such as single and double, the rate were 40.7% and 4.2%, respectively. Six kinds of infective eggs were isolated 257 fecal sample from 3 flock. They were classified 74.7% as Eimeria spp, 18.1% as Ascaridia galli and 6.0% as Capillaria spp and 0.4% as Heterakis gallinarum, Railleina spp or Trichostrongylus spp, single or in combination.

전북지방 톱밥발효돈사 사육돈의 내부기생충감염조사

양홍지 ( Hong Ji Yang ),서창섭 ( Chang Sub Seo ),윤여백 ( Yea Baek Yoon ),박태욱 ( Tae Wook Park ),최은영 ( Eun Young Choi ),김성훈 ( Seong Hun Kim ) 한국가축위생학회 1994 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.17 No.1

In order to investigate the internal parasitic infection, fecal samples were collected from weaning pig(n=l23), porker(n=418) and sow(n=121) in 49 sawdust fermentative pigsty of Chonbuk district. The prevalence and identification of internal parasites were determined by the fecal examination using the floatation and/or sedimentation methods and microscopical examination, respectively. The results were obtained as follows; 1. The detection rate of parasite-eggs from 662 fecal samples was 86.6%. 2. The infection rate of parasite-egg 96.4% in porker, 76.9% in sow, 62.6% in weaning pig, in order. 3. In the concern of mixed infection such as single, double triple and quadraple, the rate was 42.3%, 28.7%, 12.2% and 3.3%, respectively. 4. Ten kinds of the detected eggs were isolated from 662 fecal samples. They were classified as Balantidium coli(63.6%), Trichuris suis(24.8%), isospora spp.(23.5%), Oesophangostomum spp.(17.8%), Ascaris suum(11.8%), Hyostrongylus rubidus(2.8%), Strongyloides spp.(1.7%), Gnathostoma spp.(1.5%), Stephanurus dentatus(1.3%) and Metastrongylus spp.(0.7%), in order.