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Non-edible Vegetable Oils for Alternative Fuel in Compression Ignition Engines
No, Soo-Young Institute for Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems 2009 한국액체미립화학회지 Vol.14 No.2
Non-edible vegetable oils instead of edible vegetable oils as a substitute for diesel fuel are getting a renewed attention because of global reduction of green house gases and concerns for long-term food and energy security. Out of various non-edible vegetable oils, karanja, mahua, linseed, rubber seed and cotton seed oils are selected in this study. A brief review of recent works related to the application of the above five vegetable oils and its derivatives in CI engines is presented. The production technologies of biodiesel based on non-edible vegetable oils are introduced. Problems in vegetable oil or biodiesel fuelled CI engine are included. In addition, future works related to spray characteristics of non-edible vegetable oil or biodiesel from it are discussed. The biodiesel fuel, irrespective of the feedstock used, results in a decrease in the emission of hydrocardon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM) and sulphur dioxide ($SO_2$). It is also said to be carbon neutral as it contributes no net carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Only oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are reported to increase which is due to oxygen content in the biodiesel fuel. The systematic assessment of spray char-acteristics of neat vegetable oils and its blends, neat biodiesel and its blends f3r use as diesel engine fuels is required.
Environment-Congenial Biodiesel Production from Non-Edible Neem Oil
Anindita Karmakar,Prasanta Kumar Biswas,Souti Mukherjee 대한환경공학회 2012 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.17 No.-
In developing countries like India, where edible oils are in short supply, the contribution of non-edible oils like neem as a source for biodiesel production will be of great importance in the coming days. Biodiesel was produced from non-edible neem oil having a free fatty acid content of 19% in a two-step process, as free fatty acid of more than 1% in the feedstock adversely affects the single step alkali catalyzed transesterification process by soap formation. The first step of acid catalysed esterification reduced the free fatty acid content of neem oil to below 1%. The optimum combinations of parameters for pretreatment were found to be 0.60 volume by volume (v/v) methanol-to-oil ratio, 1% v/v H2SO4 acid catalyst and 1 hr reaction time. The next base catalysed transesterification process converted the pretreated oil to neem biodiesel. The optimum combination of parameters for transesterification was found to be 0.24 v/v methanolto-oil ratio, 1.08% weight by volume (w/v) catalyst concentration and 34 min reaction time. This two-step process gave an average yield of 90%. The fuel properties of neem biodiesel were found to be comparable to those of diesel, and conform to the latest American Standards for Testing of Materials Standards.
Quantitative Analysis of Degummed Calophyllum Inophyllum Oil
R Prabhakar,R Vijayan,A Murugesan,N Buvaneswari 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.9 No.12
The chemical properties of biodiesel fuel are much depends upon the fatty ester composition. The Calophyllum inophyllum seed oil without purification in crude stage and purified Calophyllum inophyllum oil in degummed stage were studied. The Crude Calophyllum Inophyllum Oil (CCIO) and Degummed Calophyllum Inophyllum Oil (DCIO) was the test samples considered for fatty acid quantitative analysis. The composition of fatty acids was identified by using Gas Chromatography (GC) to quantitative the test samples. In the results, the higher percentage presence of straight chain saturated fatty acid (palmitic) and unsaturated fatty acid (linoleic and oleic) has identified in the CCIO sample. By Degumming process, the percentage level of saturated fatty acid Palmitic diminished and unsaturated fatty acid Linoleic increased respectively; also the lesser amount formation of saturated fatty acid Capric, but unsaturated fatty acid Oleic and saturated fatty acid Myristic was completely removed.