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- 주제어 : In-vessel composting (검색결과 3 건)
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Evaluation of pilot-scale in-vessel composting for Hanwoo manure management
Jeong, Kwang-Hwa,Kim, Jung Kon,Ravindran, Balasubramani,Lee, Dong Jun,Wong, Jonathan Woon-Chung,Selvam, Ammaiyappan,Karthikeyan, Obuli P.,Kwag, Jung-Hoon Elsevier Applied Science 2017 Bioresource technology Vol.245 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The study investigated the effect of in-vessel composting process on Hanwoo manure in two different South Korea regions (Pyeongchang and Goechang) with sawdust using vertical cylindrical in-vessel bioreactor for 42days. The stability and quality of Hanwoo manure in both regions were improved and confirmed through the positive changes in physico-chemical and phytotoxic properties using different commercial seed crops. The pH and electrical conductivity (EC, ds/m) of composted manure in both regions were slightly increased. At the same time, carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratio and ammonium nitrogen:nitrate nitrogen (NH<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>+</SUP>-N:NO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>−</SUP>-N) ratio decreased to 13.4–16.1 and 0.36–0.37, respectively. The germination index (GI, %) index was recorded in the range of 67.6–120.9%, which was greater than 50%, indicating phytotoxin-free compost. Although, composted manure values in Goechang region were better in significant parameters, overall results confirmed that the composting process could lead to complete maturation of the composted product in both regions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> In-vessel composting process was effective in Hanwoo manure management. </LI> <LI> Both South Korea regions Hanwoo manure yielded matured and phytotoxic-free composts. </LI> <LI> Key process parameters were within the relevant compost standards. </LI> </UL> </P>
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Kim, Jung Kon,Lee, Dong Jun,Ravindran, Balasubramani,Jeong, Kwang-Hwa,Wong, Jonathan Woon-Chung,Selvam, Ammaiyappan,Karthikeyan, Obuli P.,Kwag, Jung-Hoon Elsevier Applied Science 2017 Bioresource technology Vol.245 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The study investigated the effect of different initial moisture (IM) content (55, 60, 65, and 70%) of composting mixtures (swine manure and sawdust) for the production of nutrient rich manure, and the recovery of ammonia through a condensation process using a vertical cylindrical in-vessel composter for 56days. The composting resulted in a significant reduction in C:N ratio and electrical conductivity (EC), with a slight increase in pH in all products. The NH<SUB>3</SUB> were emitted notably, and at the same time the NO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>−</SUP>-N concentration gradually increased with the reduction of NH<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>+</SUP>-N in the composting mixtures. The overall results confirmed, the 65% IM showed the maximum nutritional yield, maturity and non-phytotoxic effects (<I>Lycopersicon esculentum</I> L.), with the results of ideal compost product in the following order of IM: 65%>60%>70%>55%. Finally, the recovered condensed ammonia contained considerable ammonium nitrogen concentrations and could be used as fertilizer.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The integration of two process is a good strategy for swine manure management. </LI> <LI> The final compost from 65% initial moisture content treatment has well matured. </LI> <LI> A considerable amount of ammonium nitrogen recovered through a condensation process. </LI> <LI> Future study is needed on recovered ammonium nitrogen used as a liquid fertilizer. </LI> </UL> </P>
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Borker Shruti Sinai,Thakur Aman,Pandey Krishna Kanta,Sharma Pallavi,Manyapu Vivek,Khatri Abhishek,Kumar Rakshak 한국응용생명화학회 2024 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.67 No.-
The Himalayan composting toilets (CTs) offer a sustainable solution for converting human faeces (HF) into com post, supplementing the low-fertile land of the region. However, CTs face challenges such as delayed composting processes (6–8 months), increased heavy metal content, and foul odour. Therefore, the current study evaluated biochar-amended psychrotrophic bacteria for HF degradation under low-temperature conditions (10 ± 2 °C). Out of 153 psychrotrophic bacteria isolated from HF compost, 17 bacterial strains were selected based on highest and two or more hydrolytic activities. Furthermore, considering the isolation source, bacterial strains were exam ined for haemolytic activity, biofilm formation, cytotoxicity and seed germination assay. In total, 14 potential strains belonging to Pseudomonas, Microbacterium, Arthrobacter, Streptomyces, Glutamicibacter, Rhodococcus, Serratia, Exig uobacterium, and Jeotgalicoccus genera were considered safe for both human handling and plants. The composting process was conducted in modified plastic drums at 10 ± 2 °C for 90 days through two treatments: Treatment 1 (T1) involving HF, non-immobilized biochar and cocopeat, and Treatment 2 (T2) involving HF, consortium-immobilized biochar and cocopeat. The consortium-immobilized biochar (T2) degraded HF within 90 days with hemicellulose and cellulose degradation ratios of 73.9% and 62.4%, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). The compost maturation indices like C/N ratio (16.5 ± 1.85), total nitrogen (2.66 ± 0.07), total phosphate (0.4 ± 0.005), total potassium (1.8 ± 0.05) also improved in T2 treatment (p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, T2 was more effective in achieving safe levels of faecal coliforms (< 1000 MPN g−1) and reducing heavy metal content compared to T1. 16S rRNA amplicon-based analysis demonstrated an enhancement of bacterial community diversity in T2, with the presence of Rhodococcus, Pseudomonas, Arthro bacter, and Streptomyces at the end of the composting period promoting HF degradation. Furthermore, T2-fertilized soil showed a germination index (121 ± 0.4, p ≤ 0.05) and stimulated root, shoot and yield by 110%, 45.2%, and 288%, respectively, in pea (Pisum sativum var. AS-10) compared to T1 (49.6%, 19%, and 5.8%, respectively) (p ≤ 0.05). In con clusion, the developed biochar-based formulation proved effective in degrading HF at low temperatures, mitigating foul odours, reducing heavy metals, and enhancing the agronomic value of the final compost. This study presents a promising approach for the sustainable management of HF that can supplement the non-nutritive soil of high altitude regions.
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