Osteomyelitis on the Mandibular Malunion and Nonunion Site: A Case Report

Song, Chi-Woong,Yoon, Hyun-Joong,Lee, Sang-Hwa Korean Academy of Dental Science 2013 Journal of korean dental science Vol.6 No.2

The proper management of mandibular fractures involves reduction, rigid fixation, and immobilization to allow bone healing. Nonunion or malunion at the fractured sites is a well-known complication of fracture when the treatments are inappropriate. We present a case of left mandibular fracture due to shrapnel during the Korean War. The patients did not receive appropriate treatment at that time, so nonunion and malunion developed. Sixty years after the accident, mandibular osteomyelitis on the fracture site developed due to dental-origin inflammation. The treatment was based on relatively conservative care, such as saucerization and administration of antibiotics. There was no complication during the short-term follow-up. We present the case with literature review.

Consideration of Clinically Related Dental Anomalies: Prevalence and Association

Kim, Young-Ho,Kim, Seo-Hee,Baek, Seung-Hak Korean Academy of Dental Science 2010 Journal of korean dental science Vol.3 No.1

Objective : To investigate the prevalence of dental anomalies and to determine the associations between dental anomalies in permanent teeth Materials and methods : The samples were 1,240 patients (760 females and 480 males, mean age=15.1 years) who visited the Samsung Medical Center. Dental anomalies were diagnosed using pre-treatment dental casts, radiographs, clinical examinations, and medical/dental histories. Prevalence and association were investigated according to gender and sidedness. The Chi-square test was performed for statistical analysis. Results : The most common missing tooth was the lower lateral incisor, followed by the lower and upper second premolars. This particular dental anomaly is characteristic of the East Asian population (prevalence of congenital missing tooth=12.3%). The upper anterior area was the most frequently affected area (prevalence of supernumerary tooth was 1.5%). The presence of a supernumerary tooth was more prevalent in males than in females (p<.05, odds ratio=3.2). The most frequently affected tooth was the upper canine (prevalence of impacted tooth=4.3%). Unilateral impaction of the upper canine occurred significantly more often compared to bilateral impaction (p<.001). The prevalence of peg lateralis was 2.7%. The presence of congenital missing tooth was closely associated with peg lateralis (p<.01). If children aged 7~8 years have peg lateralis, the rest of the teeth should be checked for congenital absences. Conclusion : The early detection of dental anomalies and understanding of their associations help clinicians determine the appropriate treatment timing and methods of dealing with these anomalies.

Retrospective Study on the Flow and Characteristics of Dental Emergency Patients in Chosun University Hospital

Lee, Sung-Suk,Kim, Su-Gwan,Oh, Ji-Su,Moon, Seong-Yong,You, Jae-Seek,Yu, Kyoung-Hwan,Jo, Ji-Ho,Park, Jin-Sung,Yang, Wang-Sik,Seo, Dong-Kook Korean Academy of Dental Science 2015 Journal of korean dental science Vol.8 No.1

Purpose: The aim of the present study is to assess the importance of proper treatment timing for dental emergency patients by characterizing current patient care in the emergency room. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review of 3,211 patients who visited the Chosun University Hospital's dental emergency department (Gwangju, Korea) was conducted from January 1, 2011 to May 31, 2014. Information regarding age, gender, onset date, main causes, and diagnoses were collected and analyzed. The main causes were divided into six categories: assault, household/play, sports, traffic, work, and others. Result: Emergency visits were more common for men (69%), and the ratio of males to females was 2.2:1 On average, the major cause was household/play (49.8%), followed by others (18.9%), traffic (16.6%), assault (9.1%), sports (2.9%), and work (2.6%). The most frequent diagnosis on average was dental trauma with 82.4%, followed by infection (10.7%), others (4.7%), and bleeding (2.2%). Conclusion: The main reasons for visits to the dental emergency department are dental trauma, dental infection, bleeding, and others. The most frequent reason for dental emergency patients to visit the emergency department was dental trauma (82.4%).

Factors Affecting Dental Fear in Korean Adolescents

Kim, Ah-Hyeon,Ahn, Eun-Suk,An, So-Youn Korean Academy of Dental Science 2017 Journal of korean dental science Vol.10 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dental fear experienced among Korean adolescents and to identify the relevant factors. Materials and Methods: In order to compare the level of dental fear depending on the subjects' previous experience, descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Gender- and grade-dependent evaluation was performed according to the presence of their previous dental visit and dental fear. Subjective oral health status was also investigated. In order to determine the factors affecting dental fear, logistic regression analysis was performed. Result: Among the total of 333 subjects who had experienced dental fear, females were found to experience 1.766 times greater dental fear than males (P=0.007). The worse subjective perception of their oral health was associated with increase in the experience of dental fear by 1.245-fold (P=0.047). Conclusion: The dental fear was likely to be formed during the visit to the dentist's office or through previous experience of dental treatment. Therefore in order to reduce the fear associated with dental treatment in adolescents, establishemnt of a proper environment in the dental clinic and a patient management program are necessitated.

The Role of Autonomous Wntless in Odontoblastic Differentiation of Mouse Dental Pulp Cells

Choi, Hwajung,Kim, Tak-Heun,Ko, Seung-O,Cho, Eui-Sic Korean Academy of Dental Science 2016 Journal of korean dental science Vol.9 No.1

Purpose: Wnt signaling plays an essential role in the dental epithelium and mesenchyme during tooth morphogenesis. Deletion of the Wntless (Wls) gene in odontoblasts appears to reduce canonical Wnt activity, leading to inhibition of odontoblast maturation. However, it remains unclear if autonomous Wnt ligands are necessary for differentiation of dental pulp cells into odontoblast-like cells to induce reparative dentinogenesis, one of well-known feature of pulp repair to form tertiary dentin. Materials and Methods: To analyze the autonomous role of Wls for differentiation of dental pulp cells into odontoblast-like cells, we used primary dental pulp cells from unerupted molars of Wls-floxed allele mouse after infection with adenovirus for Cre recombinase expression to knockout the floxed Wls gene or control GFP expression. The differentiation of dental pulp cells into odontoblast-like cells was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Result: Proliferation rate was significantly decreased in dental pulp cells with Cre expression for Wls knockout. The expression levels of Osterix (Osx), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and nuclear factor I-C (Nfic) were all significantly decreased by 0.3-fold, 0.2-fold, and 0.3-fold respectively in dental pulp cells with Wls knockout. In addition, the expression levels of Bsp, Col1a1, Opn, and Alpl were significantly decreased by 0.7-fold, 0.3-fold, 0.8-fold, and 0.6-fold respectively in dental pulp cells with Wls knockout. Conclusion: Wnt ligands produced autonomously are necessary for proper proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation of mouse dental pulp cells toward further tertiary dentinogenesis.

Implant Therapy and Temporomandibular Disorder

Kim, Young-Kyun,Yun, Pil-Young Korean Academy of Dental Science 2009 Journal of korean dental science Vol.2 No.1

Though implant treatment is considered as a common treatment option for edentulous patients, there have been few studies on the temporomandibular disorder (TMD) related with implant treatment. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the relevance of TMD to the implant patients and to evaluate the risk factors of TMD in relation with implant treatment. For the evaluation of various risk factors of TMD in relation with implant therapy, clinical evaluation focused on patient factors and implant factors. From a group of 694 patients, 25 patients (3.6 %) were included in this study. The majority of the patients were included in the asymptomatic 'adaptive' group. Parafunction was detected in 11 patients, 8 patients were male. Four patients having parafunction showed complications such as implant failure or fracture of the suprastructure. From the results, it is possible that TMJ related symptoms are developed or aggravated after implant therapy, which requires relatively more chair time; so TMJ examination should be included in the pre-operative evaluation for dental implant patients. Also, it is important to treat patients after they sign an informed consent that includes a detailed explanation on the possibility of TMD during treatment.

Comparative Analysis between Zirconia Implant and Titanium Implant

Hwang, Ho-Jeong,Kim, Seong-Kyun,Lee, Joo-Hee,Heo, Seong-Joo,Koak, Jai-Young,Yoo, Soo-Yeon Korean Academy of Dental Science 2012 Journal of korean dental science Vol.5 No.2

Various ceramic implant systems made of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycystal (Y-TZP) have become commercially available in recent years. A search of the literature was performed to assess the clinical success of dental Y-TZP implants and whether the osseointegration of Y-TZP is comparable to that of titanium, the standard implant material. No controlled clinical studies in humans regarding clinical outcomes or osseointegration could be identified. Clinical data were restricted to case studies and case series. Only 7 animal studies were found. Osseointegration was evaluated at 4 weeks to 24 months after placement in different animal models, sites and under different loading conditions. The mean bone-implant contact percentage was above 60% in almost all experimental groups. In studies that used titanium implants as a control, Y-TZP implants were comparable to or even better than titanium implants. Surface modifications may further improve initial bone healing and resistance to removal torque. Y-TZP implants may have the potential to become an alternative to titanium implants but cannot currently be recommended for routine clinical use, as no long-term clinical data are available.

Comparative Biomechanical Study of Self-tapping and Non Self-tapping Tapered Dental Implants in Artificially Simulated Quality 2 Bone

Baek, Yeon-Wha,Kim, Duck-Rae,Park, Ju-Hee,Lim, Young-Jun Korean Academy of Dental Science 2011 Journal of korean dental science Vol.4 No.2

Purpose: Modifications of implant design have been related to improving initial stability. The purpose of this study was to investigate their respective effect on initial stability between two tapered implant systems (self-tapping vs. non-self-tapping) in medium density bone using three different analytic methods. Materials and Methods: Self-tapping implant (GS III$^{(R)}$; Osstem Implant Co., Busan, Korea) and non-self-tapping implant (Replace Select$^{(R)}$; Nobel Biocare, G$\H{o}$teborg, Sweden) were investigated. In Solid rigid polyurethane blocks of artificially simulated Quality 2 bone, each of the 5 implants was inserted according to the manufacturer's instructions for medium-bone drilling protocol. Evaluation of initial stability was carried out by recording the maximum insertion torque (IT) and performing the resonance frequency analysis (RFA), and the pull-out test. Results: The IT and RFA values of self-tapping implant were significantly higher than those of non self-tapping implant (P=.009 and P=.047, respectively). In the pull-out values, no significant differences were found in implants between two groups (P=.117). Within each implant system, no statistically significant correlation was found among three different outcome variables. Conclusions: These findings suggest that design characteristics of implant geometry significantly influence the initial stability in medium bone density.

Effectiveness of Mini-Implant for the Reduction of Mandibular Fracture

Kim, Nam-Ho,Heo, Jeong-Uk,Park, Jun-Sub Korean Academy of Dental Science 2013 Journal of korean dental science Vol.6 No.1

Purpose: This study sought to verify the usefulness of mini-implant and surgical steel wire in the treatment of mandibular fracture through the objective identifi cation of the change of bone structure and bone density before and after reduction by evaluating radiological change through fractal analysis when mandibular fracture is treated using mini-implant and surgical wire. Materials and Methods: This study looked at 45 patients (males: 38, female: 7) diagnosed with mandibular fracture in the oral and maxillofacial surgery division of Chung-Ang University Dental Hospital and who received open reduction and intra-osseous fi xation. Result: The average fracture dimension values were higher for the group of the patients who had mini-implants and surgical wire treatment. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study on the usefulness of the reduction technique using mini-implant and surgical steel wire in the treatment of mandibular fracture through the fractal analysis method, the reduction technique using mini-implant and surgical steel wire is regarded as an effective method of minimizing the gap between mandibular fracture fragments.

Effect of School-Based Fluoride Mouth Rinsing Program in a Socially Deprived Community

Lee, Won-Chul,Ha, Jung-Eun,Yeo, Bo-Mi,Jin, Bo-Hyoung,Paik, Dai-Il,Bae, Kwang-Hak Korean Academy of Dental Science 2014 Journal of korean dental science Vol.7 No.2

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the caries prevention effect of school-based fluoride mouth rinsing (FMR) program implemented in the Hanuul district of Mongolia, which has a very low socioeconomic status and extremely poor infrastructure for oral health. Materials and Methods: One hundred and seventy children aged from 6 to 8 years of the FMR school and 187 children aged from 6 to 8 years of the control school completed the baseline survey. Children from the FMR school rinsed with 0.05% sodium fluoride everyday under supervision, while those from the control school did not. Adjusted caries preventive fraction (CPF) for 2 years were calculated to evaluate the effect of the FMR program. Result: After 2 years, 288 schoolchildren remained in the study. Decayed, missing or filled permanent teeth (DMFT) and index of the FMR and the control schools at baseline were 0.11 and 0.12, respectively, and the average DMFT increment of the FMR and the control schools after 2 years were 0.35 and 0.65, respectively. The adjusted CPF of DMFT was 48.5%. Conclusion: These findings show that a school-based FMR is an effective caries preventive program in a socially deprived community with poor infrastructure for oral health.