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한국 전근대의료사의 연구동향과 전망(2010-2019): 분야의 확장과 연구 방법의 다양화
김성수 대한의사학회 2020 醫史學 Vol.29 No.2
The goal of this article is to summarize the current status of medical history research conducted from 2010 to 2019, following Shin Dong- won's research covering 2000-2010 regarding the current status of Korean pre-modern medical history. The list of references is organized according to several principles. The representative subjects of the Korean Society for the History of Medicine and the Korean Society of Medical history are Korean Journal of Medical History and The Journal of Korean Medical History, and Yonsei Journal of Medical History of the Yonsei University Medical History Institute. Subsequently, “Reviews and Prospects” of the History Journal and “Korean History Research Report” of the National History Compilation Committee are also summarized, and “Medical History Company Research,” which was recently published by the Medical History Research Society, is also included. Unlike previous periods, many studies have been conducted on the topic, and the characteristics of the system are largely classified. Most notably, the medical data related to carriers that were concentrated in the early 2010s. It is also worth noting that the research on the agenda, including Lee Soo-gi's newly discovered agenda, is also increasing. In addition, studies that combine the history of medicine with women's history and intellectual history as interdisciplinary studies have been increasing. As such, this is an opportunity for future medical history research to expand the horizon. 한국 전근대 의학사의 현황과 관련하여 2000-2010까지를 다룬 신동원의 연구를 이어, 2010-2019년까지 의학사 연구현황이 어떠한지를 정리하는 것이 이글의 목표이다. 참고문헌 목록의 구성은 몇 가지 원칙에 따라 진행한다. 대표적 학회인 대한의사학회와 한국의사학회의 간행물인 의사학과 한국의사학회지, 그리고 연세대학교 의학사연구소의 연세의사학이 일차적 대상이며, 그리고 한국과학사학회의 과학사학회지가 포함된다. 이어서 역사학보의 ‘회고와 전망’, 나아가 국사편찬위원회의 한국사연구휘보를 근간으로 정리하였으며, 그리고 의료역사연구회에서 최근 간행하기 시작한 의료사회사연구도 포함되었다. 이전과 다르게 많은 연구들이 진행되었고, 그것을 크게 대별하여 기존의 제도사나 의서의 연구 이외에 특징들을 서술하면 다음과 같다. 2010년대 초반에 집중되었던 통신사 관련 의학자료를 먼저 언급할 수 있다. 그리고 새롭게 발굴된 의안인 이수기의 역시만필을 비롯하여, 의안에 대한 연구가 계속해서 늘어나고 있다는 점도 특기할 만하다. 또한 융합학문 분야라고 할 수 있는 의학사에서 더 나아가 여성사나 사상사와도 결합한 연구들이 속속 등장하고 있다. 이러한 점은 앞으로의 의학사 연구가 보다 지평을 넓혀 갈 수 있는 계기라고 생각한다.
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한기원(HAN Ki Won) 大韓醫史學會 2010 醫史學 Vol.19 No.2
Claude Bernard, a French physiologist in the nineteenth century, strove to establish experimental physiology as a medical branch and scientific field. In 1854, he started his lecture series on general physiology at the Paris Faculty of Sciences, which was continued at the National Museum of Natural History since 1869 when Bernard’s chair was transferred from the Faculty to the Museum. At the Museum, Bernard titled his lecture series the “Phenomena of Life Common to Animals and Plants,” which revealed the main characteristic of his general physiology. At that time, physiology was generally considered a medical science which dealt only with the human body. Bernard, on the other hand, came to have the idea that physiology could study the functions of plant, animal, and human bodies in the same manner. Bernard’s lectures on general physiology had two distinct phases. At Sorbonne, general physiology was a rather speculative theoretical system. It was mainly because of the fact that he did not have a laboratory at the Faculty of Sciences. There, the lecture dealt only with animal functions, and he had no concern for plant physiology at all. After he moved to the Museum, significant changes occurred. In the new laboratory, general physiology was transformed into a truly experimental science, which dealt with both animals and plants. Protoplasm, a physiological basic unit, replaced tissue, which was basically an anatomical unit that fell short of explaining physiological phenomena. The Museum of Natural History played an important role in this transformation. At the museum, zoologists, botanists, and physiologists worked together, and the peculiar natural history tradition of the institution enabled scientists to study animals and plants at the same time. Although there existed some conflicts between experimentalists and naturalists, Bernard could wisely figure out the problem by asserting that the role of a physiologist was to disclose, by experimentation, the fundamental principles that lay behind the superficial facts of life that were already discovered by natural historians. At the Museum, Bernard could break down the distinction between the animal and plant kingdoms in the domain of experimental physiology, and it can perhaps be considered a step toward the formation of the general science of biology.
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설혜심(SUL Heasim) 대한의사학회 2016 醫史學 Vol.25 No.2
This paper aims to redress serious imbalances in the research on ginseng. Most accounts of ginseng treat it as an exclusively East Asian commodity, and are dominated by the natural sciences. Ginseng, however, was much discussed in England and America in the early modern period: the discussion encompassed not only botanical and medical interests, but also discourses on the commercial marketability of ginseng; ginseng was also an item that embodied European prejudices, symbolizing perceived ‘differences’ between the West and East. As such, ginseng was an ‘indigenous’ item of ‘the East’ that was much discussed in ‘the West’, but one that resisted assimilation into its systems of knowledge.
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