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조정환(Cho Jeong-hwan) 가톨릭대학교(성심교정) 인간학연구소 2007 인간연구 Vol.- No.13
The purpose of this study was to examine the naissance of Theological Anthropology, which explores theology with emphasis on humankind, based on time and ideological changes. In the latest 40 years, the Catholic theology gave birth to Theological Anthropology (Antropologia teologica) which generalizes the understanding of humankind on the basis of theology. Theology has studied humankind as a major topic, but the emergence of Theological Anthropology tells us that a more organized field of study on humankind and more professional studies and researches have become available. The convertsion of theology into a man-centered, anthropological theme was a major change to its God-centered and church-centered foundation. Today, the Church can no longer talk about religion from the hierarchical perspective with the focus on God’s words, Fathers’ opinions, the Councils. It is necessary to deeply explore men and seek out for realistic experiences. With the growing ethnocentrism (Antropocentrismo), the Church found it important to study humankind for better understanding. Theological Anthropology was born in modern Europe’s conversion to ethnocentrism. Karl Rahner(1904~1984) is the one who greatly contributed to the philosophical foundation of Theological Anthropology. Through him, anthropological studies become more organized and uniform within the realms of theology. Rahner first used the term ‘Theological Anthropology’ and established anthropological methodologies on a theological background. The anthropological tendency of theology became official within the Catholic Church. The “2nd Vatican Council” was what made it official. The Pastoral Constitution (Gaudium et spes), established by the Councils, explained realistic experiences of men on the basis of Theological Anthropology. The Catholic Church made effort to understand the conversion to ethnocentrism and boldly absorb its positive aspects. Such effort accomplished the academic development of Theological Anthropology. Theological Anthropology allowed the church to absorb ethnocentric trends and address it from academic perspectives. The naissance of Theological Anthropology reflects the inevitable needs that modern Catholic ideologies have to be man-centered and promote its teachings and studies for men.
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이종진(Lee, Jong-jin) 가톨릭대학교(성심교정) 인간학연구소 2011 인간연구 Vol.0 No.22
본고의 목적은 국내외적으로 대학이 위기를 맞고 있는 상황에서 가톨릭대학교의 이념을 확인하고 이를 구현하기 위해 실천적인 반성을 수행하는 데에 있다. 본론에서는 첫째로, ‘가톨릭 인본주의’에 대한 개념적 정의를 시도하고 있다. 즉, ‘가톨릭 인본주의’는 전통적인 성서적-그리스도교적 인본사상이 가톨릭적인 지반 위에서 르네상스 인본주의의 특질들을 수용하면서 형성된 사조라고 규정 될 수 있다. ‘하느님의 모상에 따라 창조된 인간’이라는 성서적 인간이해, 은총과 자연의 양립가능성, 신앙과 이성의 통합가능성, 원죄에 의해서도 온전히 훼손되지 않은 인간의 ‘자유의지’에 대한 가르침 등이 가톨릭 인본주의의 ‘본래적인’ 내용들로 이해된다. 둘째로, 가톨릭대학교의 정체성과 사명은 ‘보편적 인본주의’로서의 가톨릭 인본주의에 뿌리를 두고 있다는 사실이 요한 바오로 2세의 교황령 Ex Corde Ecclesiae(『교회의 심장부로부터』)를 통해서 제시 되고 있다. 아울러 가톨릭 인본주의의 이념이 시대사조와의 대화를 거치면서 그 내용이 더욱 풍부하게 발전되고 있고, 그와 함께 가톨릭대학교에 주어진 사명도 보다 실천적인 성격을 띠게 된다는 점도 고찰되고 있다. 셋째로, 이 문헌에 나타난 가톨릭대학교의 정체성과 사명, 특히 사회정의의 증진이라는 시대적 사명을 우리보다 앞선 전통을 가진 국외의 가톨릭대학교들이 어떻게 이해하고 또 실천해 가고 있는지를 구체적인 사례들과 함께 소개하였다. 결론부에서는 이상의 실천적 반성을 통하여 국내의 가톨릭대학교들에 주어진 과제와 전망을 필자 나름대로 제시하였다. This paper aims to reaffirm the roles of Catholic universities at a time when universities at home and abroad face crises, and aims to establish specific actions to fulfill those roles. This paper first attempts to define the concept of “Catholic humanism.” Catholic humanism is based on traditional Catholic ideas combined with biblical-Christian humanism, and embraces renaissance humanism. By nature, Catholic humanism is thought to include the biblical understanding of humans that imitates the image of God, the compatibility of grace and nature, the possibility of integration of faith and reason, and human free will that cannot be restricted even by original sin. Second, it is suggested that the identities and missions of Catholic universities are based on Catholic humanism as universal humanism as Pope John Paul Ⅱ’s “Ex Corde Ecclesiae” suggested. In addition, Catholic humanism has been enriched through active interactions with the trends of each era, and accordingly, the missions of Catholic universities have become more practical. Third, this paper introduces how overseas Catholic universities have traditionally understood and implemented their identities and missions, particularly social justice which is the mission of Catholic universities in this era. In the conclusion, the writer presents the challenges and prospects faced by Korean Catholic universities.
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