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Danilovic, S.,Solanki, S. K.,Barthol, P.,Gandorfer, A.,Gizon, L.,Hirzberger, J.,Riethmü,ller, T. L.,van Noort, M.,Rodrí,guez, J. Blanco,Del Toro Iniesta, J. C.,Suá,rez, D. Orozco,Schmi American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical journal, Supplement series Vol.229 No.1
<P>Ellerman Bombs are signatures of magnetic reconnection, which is an important physical process in the solar atmosphere. How and where they occur is a subject of debate. In this paper, we analyze SUNRISE/IMaX data, along with 3D MHD simulations that aim to reproduce the exact scenario proposed for the formation of these features. Although the observed event seems to be more dynamic and violent than the simulated one, simulations clearly confirm the basic scenario for the production of EBs. The simulations also reveal the full complexity of the underlying process. The simulated observations show that the Fe I 525.02 nm line gives no information on the height where reconnection takes place. It can only give clues about the heating in the aftermath of the reconnection. However, the information on the magnetic field vector and velocity at this spatial resolution is extremely valuable because it shows what numerical models miss and how they can be improved.</P>
Spectropolarimetric Evidence for a Siphon Flow along an Emerging Magnetic Flux Tube
Requerey, Iker S.,Cobo, B. Ruiz,Iniesta, J. C. Del Toro,Suá,rez, D. Orozco,Rodrí,guez, J. Blanco,Solanki, S. K.,Barthol, P.,Gandorfer, A.,Gizon, L.,Hirzberger, J.,Riethmü,ller, T. L.,N American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical journal Supplement series Vol.229 No.1
<P>We study the dynamics and topology of an emerging magnetic flux concentration using high spatial resolution spectropolarimetric data acquired with the Imaging Magnetograph eXperiment on board the SUNRISE balloon-borne solar observatory. We obtain the full vector magnetic field and the line of sight (LOS) velocity through inversions of the Fe I line at 525.02 nm with the SPINOR code. The derived vector magnetic field is used to trace magnetic field lines. Two magnetic flux concentrations with different polarities and LOS velocities are found to be connected by a group of arch-shaped magnetic field lines. The positive polarity footpoint is weaker (1100 G) and displays an upflow, while the negative polarity footpoint is stronger (2200 G) and shows a downflow. This configuration is naturally interpreted as a siphon flow along an arched magnetic flux tube.</P>
A New MHD-assisted Stokes Inversion Technique
Riethmü,ller, T. L.,Solanki, S. K.,Barthol, P.,Gandorfer, A.,Gizon, L.,Hirzberger, J.,Noort, M. van,Rodrí,guez, J. Blanco,Iniesta, J. C. Del Toro,Suá,rez, D. Orozco,Schmidt, W.,Pillet, American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical journal Supplement series Vol.229 No.1
<P>We present a new method of Stokes inversion of spectropolarimetric data and evaluate it by taking the example of a SUNRISE/IMaX observation. An archive of synthetic Stokes profiles is obtained by the spectral synthesis of stateof- the-art magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations and a realistic degradation to the level of the observed data. The definition of a merit function allows the archive to be searched for the synthetic Stokes profiles that best match the observed profiles. In contrast to traditional Stokes inversion codes, which solve the Unno-Rachkovsky equations for the polarized radiative transfer numerically and fit the Stokes profiles iteratively, the new technique provides the full set of atmospheric parameters. This gives us the ability to start an MHD simulation that takes the inversion result as an initial condition. After a relaxation process of half an hour solar time we obtain physically consistent MHD data sets with a target similar to the observation. The new MHD simulation is used to repeat the method in a second iteration, which further improves the match between observation and simulation, resulting in a factor of 2.2 lower mean chi(2) value. One advantage of the new technique is that it provides the physical parameters on a geometrical height scale. It constitutes a first step toward inversions that give results consistent with the MHD equations.</P>
Superiority of heterodyning over homodyning: An assessment with quadrature moments
Teo, Y. S.,Mü,ller, C. R.,Jeong, H.,Hradil, Z.,Ř,ehá,č,ek, J.,Sá,nchez-Soto, L. L. American Physical Society 2017 Physical review. A Vol.95 No.4
<P>We examine the moment-reconstruction performance of both the homodyne and heterodyne (doublehomodyne) measurement schemes for arbitrary quantum states and introduce moment estimators that optimize the respective schemes for any given data. In the large-data limit, these estimators are as efficient as the maximum-likelihood estimators. We then illustrate the superiority of the heterodyne measurement for the reconstruction of the first and second moments by analyzing Gaussian states and many other significant nonclassical states. Finally, we present an extension of our theories to two-mode sources, which can be straightforwardly generalized to all other multimode sources.</P>
The Maximum Entropy Limit of Small-scale Magnetic Field Fluctuations in the Quiet Sun
Gorobets, A. Y.,Berdyugina, S. V.,Riethmü,ller, T. L.,Rodrí,guez, J. Blanco,Solanki, S. K.,Barthol, P.,Gandorfer, A.,Gizon, L.,Hirzberger, J.,Noort, M. van,Del Toro Iniesta, J. C.,Suá American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical journal Supplement series Vol.233 No.1
<P>The observed magnetic field on the solar surface is characterized by a very complex spatial and temporal behavior. Although feature-tracking algorithms have allowed us to deepen our understanding of this behavior, subjectivity plays an important role in the identification and tracking of such features. In this paper, we continue studies of the temporal stochasticity of the magnetic field on the solar surface without relying either on the concept of magnetic features or on subjective assumptions about their identification and interaction. We propose a data analysis method to quantify fluctuations of the line-of-sight magnetic field by means of reducing the temporal field's evolution to the regular Markov process. We build a representative model of fluctuations converging to the unique stationary (equilibrium) distribution in the long time limit with maximum entropy. We obtained different rates of convergence to the equilibrium at fixed noise cutoff for two sets of data. This indicates a strong influence of the data spatial resolution and mixing-polarity fluctuations on the relaxation process. The analysis is applied to observations of magnetic fields of the relatively quiet areas around an active region carried out during the second flight of the SUNRISE/IMAX and quiet Sun areas at the disk center from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory satellite.</P>
Probing deep photospheric layers of the quiet Sun with high magnetic sensitivity
Lagg, A.,Solanki, S. K.,Doerr, H.-P.,Martí,nez Gonzá,lez, M. J.,Riethmü,ller, T.,Collados Vera, M.,Schlichenmaier, R.,Orozco Suá,rez, D.,Franz, M.,Feller, A.,Kuckein, C.,Schmidt, EDP Sciences 2016 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.596 No.-
Moving Magnetic Features Around a Pore
Kaithakkal, A. J.,Riethmü,ller, T. L.,Solanki, S. K.,Lagg, A.,Barthol, P.,Gandorfer, A.,Gizon, L.,Hirzberger, J.,vanNoort, M.,Rodrí,guez, J. Blanco,Iniesta, J. C. Del Toro,Suá,rez, D. American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical journal, Supplement series Vol.229 No.1
<P>Spectropolarimetric observations from SUNRISE/IMaX, obtained in 2013 June, are used for a statistical analysis to determine the physical properties of moving magnetic features (MMFs) observed near a pore. MMFs of the same and opposite polarity, with respect to the pore, are found to stream from its border at an average speed of 1.3 km s(-1) and 1.2 km s(-1), respectively, with mainly same-polarity MMFs found further away from the pore. MMFs of both polarities are found to harbor rather weak, inclined magnetic fields. Opposite-polarity MMFs are blueshifted, whereas same-polarity MMFs do not show any preference for up-or downflows. Most of the MMFs are found to be of sub-arcsecond size and carry a mean flux of similar to 1.2 x 10(17) Mx.</P>
Solar Coronal Loops Associated with Small-scale Mixed Polarity Surface Magnetic Fields
Chitta, L. P.,Peter, H.,Solanki, S. K.,Barthol, P.,Gandorfer, A.,Gizon, L.,Hirzberger, J.,Riethmü,ller, T. L.,Noort, M. van,Rodrí,guez, J. Blanco,Iniesta, J. C. Del Toro,Suá,rez, D. Or American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical journal, Supplement series Vol.229 No.1
<P>How and where are coronal loops rooted in the solar lower atmosphere? The details of the magnetic environment and its evolution at the footpoints of coronal loops are crucial to understanding the processes of mass and energy supply to the solar corona. To address the above question, we use high-resolution line-of-sight magnetic field data from the Imaging Magnetograph eXperiment instrument on the SUNRISE balloon-borne observatory and coronal observations from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory of an emerging active region. We find that the coronal loops are often rooted at the locations with minor small-scale but persistent opposite-polarity magnetic elements very close to the larger dominant polarity. These opposite-polarity small-scale elements continually interact with the dominant polarity underlying the coronal loop through flux cancellation. At these locations we detect small inverse Y-shaped jets in chromospheric Ca II H images obtained from the SUNRISE Filter Imager during the flux cancellation. Our results indicate that magnetic flux cancellation and reconnection at the base of coronal loops due to mixed polarity fields might be a crucial feature for the supply of mass and energy into the corona.</P>
Investigating the Evolution of the Dual AGN System ESO 509-IG066
Kosec, P.,Brightman, M.,Stern, D.,Mü,ller-Sá,nchez, F.,Koss, M.,Oh, K.,Assef, R. J.,Gandhi, P.,Harrison, F. A.,Jun, H.,Masini, A.,Ricci, C.,Walton, D. J.,Treister, E.,Comerford, J.,Privon, G American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical Journal Vol.850 No.2