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Li, X.,Kim, Y.H.,Jung, J.H.,Kang, J.S.,Kim, D.K.,Choi, H.D.,Son, B.W. IPC Science and Technology Press ; Elsevier Scienc 2007 Enzyme and microbial technology Vol.40 No.5
Biological transformation of the bioactive sesquiterpene, cyclonerodiol (1), isolated from marine-derived fungus Myrothecium sp., was studied. Preparative-scale fermentation of 1 with marine-derived fungus Penicillium sp. resulted in the isolation of a new glycosidic metabolite, 7-O-(β-d-mannopyranosyl)cyclonerodiol (2). Fermentation of 1 for 2 weeks with a marine isolate of the actinomycete bacteria Streptomyces sp. also afforded two oxidized geometrical isomers, 10(Z)- and 10(E)-cyclonerotriols (3, 4). The stereostructure of the metabolites obtained was assigned on the basis of detailed spectroscopic data analyses and chemical reaction.
Li, X.,Kanegasaki, S.,Jin, F.,Deng, Y.,Kim, J.-R.,Chang, H. W.,Tsuchiya, T. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2018 Allergy Vol.73 No.2
<P>Conclusion: Fc epsilon RI stimulation in BMMC and basophils induces HSP70 expression and its release. Extracellular HSP70 induces degranulation and mediator release via phosphorylation of LAT.</P>
Deliquescence and efflorescence behavior of individual NaCl and KCl mixture aerosol particles
Li, X.,Gupta, D.,Eom, H.J.,Kim, H.,Ro, C.U. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier [distribution] 2014 Atmospheric environment Vol.82 No.-
The hygroscopic behavior of laboratory-generated, micrometer sized NaCl and KCl mixture aerosol particles in nine mixing ratios (mole fractions of KCl (X<SUB>KCl</SUB>) = 0.1-0.9) was investigated systematically to observe their deliquescence and efflorescence behavior, obtain experimental phase diagrams for their deliquescence and efflorescence, and understand the efflorescence mechanism. Aerosol particles with a eutonic composition of X<SUB>KCl</SUB> = 0.3 showed only one phase transition during the humidifying process at the mutual deliquescence relative humidity (MDRH) of 72.3(+/-0.5)%, whereas the aerosol particles with other mixing ratios showed two distinct deliquescence transitions. First, the eutonic component dissolved at the MDRH and second, the remainder in the solid phase dissolved completely at various DRHs, resulting in a phase diagram composed of four different phases. During the dehydration process, droplets at all mixing ratios showed a single transition at their efflorescence RHs (ERHs), resulting in a phase diagram composed of two different phases. The minimum ERH of 43.7-43.2% was observed for X<SUB>KCl</SUB> = 0.4. This suggests that short-range ionic interactions and the common-ion effect may substantially affect the mutual solubility of NaCl and KCl at high ionic-strengths, and hence the supersaturation of the salts. Elemental X-ray mapping of the effloresced NaCl-KCl mixture particles at all mixing ratios suggests that more supersaturated salt nucleated homogeneously to crystallize in the center, and the other salt underwent the heterogeneous crystallization on the former.
Origin of nanohole formation by etching based on droplet epitaxy
Li, X.,Wu, J.,Wang, Z.,Liang, B.,Lee, J.,Kim, E. S.,Salamo, G. Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Nanoscale Vol.6 No.5
Creating and manipulating materials at the nanoscale with controllable size, shape and nucleation site is an important task to meet the urgent demands for quantum structures with designed properties. In the last ten years, droplet epitaxy has been emerging as a versatile fabrication method for various complex nanostructures, such as quantum dots, quantum rings, double-rings, and so on. However, there is a lack of understanding of the deep nanohole formation based on droplet epitaxy at a high substrate temperature. Here we fabricate self-organized GaAs nanoholes by Ga droplet etching at high temperature based on droplet epitaxy, and they present good optoelectronic properties and have promising applications in fabrication of nanodevices due to their unique topology. A theoretical model is correspondingly proposed to explain the basic mechanism and simulate the time evolution of the nanohole structures. Our analysis shows that the morphology of the nanohole nanostructures can be well controlled through regulating experimental conditions.
Li, X,Choi, Y,Yanakawa, Y,Park, T Macmillan Publishers Limited 2014 International Journal of Obesity Vol.38 No.1
Objective:Piperonal is an important flavor additive with antibacterial and anxiolytic properties. We investigated the effects and possible mechanisms of piperonal protection against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance.Methods:C57BL/6 J mice were fed with a normal diet (ND; based on the AIN-76 rodent diet), HFD (20% fat and 1% cholesterol), or piperonal-supplemented diet (POD; HFD supplemented with 0.05% piperonal) for 10 weeks.Results:Piperonal supplementation reduced hepatic lipid concentrations, liver dysfunction and plasma levels of insulin and glucose in HFD-fed mice. Piperonal significantly enhanced mRNA expression and secretion of adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Dietary piperonal significantly increased circulating adiponectin levels and hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation in HFD-fed mice; these were associated with the suppression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c and activation of glucose transporter-2 translocation in the livers. Piperonal also significantly reduced the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers in the livers of HFD-fed mice.Conclusions:Piperonal may activate the adiponectin/AMPK pathway in the livers of mice. The activated adiponectin/AMPK axis may inhibit p70S6 kinase signaling and the ER stress response, with protective effects on hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance.