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A comparative study of salt tolerance parameters in 11 wild relatives of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>
Orsini, Francesco,D'Urzo, Matilde Paino,Inan, Gunsu,Serra, Sara,Oh, Dong-Ha,Mickelbart, Michael V.,Consiglio, Federica,Li, Xia,Jeong, Jae Cheol,Yun, Dae-Jin,Bohnert, Hans J.,Bressan, Ray A.,Maggio, Al Oxford University Press 2010 Journal of experimental botany Vol.61 No.13
<P>Salinity is an abiotic stress that limits both yield and the expansion of agricultural crops to new areas. In the last 20 years our basic understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant tolerance and adaptation to saline environments has greatly improved owing to active development of advanced tools in molecular, genomics, and bioinformatics analyses. However, the full potential of investigative power has not been fully exploited, because the use of halophytes as model systems in plant salt tolerance research is largely neglected. The recent introduction of halophytic <I>Arabidopsis</I>-Relative Model Species (ARMS) has begun to compare and relate several unique genetic resources to the well-developed <I>Arabidopsis</I> model. In a search for candidates to begin to understand, through genetic analyses, the biological bases of salt tolerance, 11 wild relatives of <I>Arabidopsis thaliana</I> were compared: <I>Barbarea verna, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Hirschfeldia incana, Lepidium densiflorum, Malcolmia triloba, Lepidium virginicum, Descurainia pinnata, Sisymbrium officinale, Thellungiella parvula, Thellungiella salsuginea</I> (previously <I>T. halophila</I>)<I/>, and <I>Thlaspi arvense</I>. Among these species, highly salt-tolerant (<I>L. densiflorum</I> and <I>L. virginicum</I>) and moderately salt-tolerant (<I>M. triloba</I> and <I>H. incana</I>) species were identified. Only <I>T. parvula</I> revealed a true halophytic habitus, comparable to the better studied <I>Thellungiella salsuginea</I>. Major differences in growth, water transport properties, and ion accumulation are observed and discussed to describe the distinctive traits and physiological responses that can now be studied genetically in salt stress research.</P>
Loss of halophytism by interference with SOS1 expression.
Oh, Dong-Ha,Leidi, Eduardo,Zhang, Quan,Hwang, Sung-Min,Li, Youzhi,Quintero, Francisco J,Jiang, Xingyu,D'Urzo, Matilde Paino,Lee, Sang Yeol,Zhao, Yanxiu,Bahk, Jeong Dong,Bressan, Ray A,Yun, Dae-Jin,Par American Society of Plant Physiologists 2009 Plant Physiology Vol.151 No.1
<P>The contribution of SOS1 (for Salt Overly Sensitive 1), encoding a sodium/proton antiporter, to plant salinity tolerance was analyzed in wild-type and RNA interference (RNAi) lines of the halophytic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)-relative Thellungiella salsuginea. Under all conditions, SOS1 mRNA abundance was higher in Thellungiella than in Arabidopsis. Ectopic expression of the Thellungiella homolog ThSOS1 suppressed the salt-sensitive phenotype of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain lacking sodium ion (Na(+)) efflux transporters and increased salt tolerance of wild-type Arabidopsis. thsos1-RNAi lines of Thellungiella were highly salt sensitive. A representative line, thsos1-4, showed faster Na(+) accumulation, more severe water loss in shoots under salt stress, and slower removal of Na(+) from the root after removal of stress compared with the wild type. thsos1-4 showed drastically higher sodium-specific fluorescence visualized by CoroNa-Green, a sodium-specific fluorophore, than the wild type, inhibition of endocytosis in root tip cells, and cell death in the adjacent elongation zone. After prolonged stress, Na(+) accumulated inside the pericycle in thsos1-4, while sodium was confined in vacuoles of epidermis and cortex cells in the wild type. RNAi-based interference of SOS1 caused cell death in the root elongation zone, accompanied by fragmentation of vacuoles, inhibition of endocytosis, and apoplastic sodium influx into the stele and hence the shoot. Reduction in SOS1 expression changed Thellungiella that normally can grow in seawater-strength sodium chloride solutions into a plant as sensitive to Na(+) as Arabidopsis.</P>