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      • ANALYSIS OF AIR QUALITY INDICATORS: Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in Ulaanbaatar City Mongolia

        Zolzaya Gungaa,Usukhbayar Bayarsaikhan,Batzaya Gungaa 단국대학교 몽골연구소 2023 몽골지역연구 Vol.8 No.2

        Regarding the sources of air pollution in Ulaanbaatar city, 56% is caused by households, heating boilers, and coal consumption, 20% by vehicle emissions and dust, 10% by power plant coal consumption, and 14% by garbage and soil pollution. In a report issued by WHO in December 2020, it was noted that the amount of fine particle matter PM2.5, which is one of the air pollutants in Ulaanbaatar city, is 27 times higher than the permissible level. This study shows that the number of people who die from esophageal cancer increases by 70 and the number of people who die from lung cancer increases by 1 μg/m3 in Ulaanbaatar city. Also, in the calculation of the average concentration of fine particulate matter PM 2.5, it was 12-19 μg/m3 higher than the standard level in the first and fourth quarters, and 37-40 μg/m3 lower than the standard level in the second and third quarters. The results of the analysis showed that when the amount of PM 2.5 increases by 1 μg/m3, road and transport accidents increase by 705. In the city of Ulaanbaatar, when particulate matter (PM2.5) in the air, increases by 1 μg/m3, GDP tends to decrease by MNT 466,925 million, budget income by MNT 19,062.9 million, and labor force by 1,664 people. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE)=2.3% indicates that the prediction is optimal. Effective implementation of air quality management is essential to reduce air pollution. In terms of air quality management, it is necessary to determine the goals and objectives, evaluate the situation, make an action plan for further implementation, implement it, conduct monitoring and evaluation, and use the results of the evaluation to determine the next goals and objectives and continuously improve them.

      • AUTO CAR OWNERS LIABILITY INSURANCE RESEARCH: On the example of Ulaanbaatar city

        Zolzaya Gungaa,Usukhbayar Bayarsaikhan 단국대학교 몽골연구소 2024 몽골지역연구 Vol.9 No.1

        The world community and international financial institutions pay attention to the development of the insurance industry in Mongolia, and the insurance industry is widely used to reduce the financial burden on the government in the event of any danger, accident, or disaster, and to ease the financial difficulties that people and organizations may face in the event of a disaster or accident. At least 120 primary data were collected through a sample survey of insured car owners living in Ulaanbaatar, and statistical processing and analysis were conducted. As of 2022, a total of 2,619 licensees and rights holders are operating in the insurance market. This is a decrease of 4% compared to the previous year. As of 2022, a total of 737 branches of insurance companies are operating in the insurance market. This is an increase of 7.2 percent compared to the previous year. Calculating the average growth rate for the 9 years between 2012 and 2020, the average growth rate of the number of insurance contracts is 6.2%, the average growth rate of the number of insured persons is 12.7%, and the average growth rate of insurance premium income is 9.8%. 19.8% growth. The companies with the largest number of insurance contracts are Ard insurance and Mongol insurance, while the fewest insured companies are GanZam insurance and Nomin insurance. According to the results of the sample survey of motorists who have car insurance, they always take out car insurance (r=0.88), the policyholders are interested in getting car compensation regularly(r=0.97), and they pay a lot of basic premium for car insurance (r=0.97). Since insurance is an activity based on the mutual trust of people, it is necessary to collect primary data for research on insurance participants, and to conduct statistical processing and analysis in order to make accurate and realistic conclusions about the industry.

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