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Fuwu Yan,Junjun Wang,Dong Yan,Wenlong Zhang,Guoqing Zhang,Jizhou Zhang,Ziyi Chen,Yu Wang 한국자동차공학회 2022 International journal of automotive technology Vol.23 No.4
This paper studied the effects of water injection on combustion, emissions and knock. The results showed that direct water injection (DWI) absorbed more heat than inlet port water injection (PWI), resulting in lower cylinder pressure, higher oxygen content and longer combustion duration. And the turbulence kinetic energy of DWI model was greater, resulting in lower soot and CO emissions of DWI. Furthermore, the cooling effect of exhaust port side WI was better than intake port side, which reduced NOX emission. Besides, the injection pressure of single injector WI was higher than double injector, which increased the combustion duration and reduced the cylinder pressure. The decrease of temperature under water dilution was the main reason for the reduction of NOX, while the increase of incomplete combustion increased the soot and CO emission. Finally, with the same amount of WI, the knock suppression effect of DWI models was better than PWI models. The knock intensity (KI) of all models decreased gradually with the increase of water, and DWI models decreased more rapidly. For PWI models, when the amount of water became smaller, the engine pressure fluctuation of certain areas in the cylinder increased slightly, weakening the influence of WI on engine knock.
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Yuanyuan Liu,Yingying Tian,Yao Guo,Ziyi Yan,Changhu Xue,Jingfeng Wang 한국식품과학회 2021 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.30 No.12
Docosahexaenoic acid-enriched phosphatidylcholine(DHA-PC) is a new generation of omega-3 lipids,which contains an ester bond linking DHA at the sn-2position of phospholipid. DHA-PC has become the interestrecently as its better bioavailability and anti-oxidationcapacity. In this study, the anti-angiogenic effect of DHAPCwas evaluated. The capacities of proliferation, migration,tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelialcells were significantly declined after DHA-PC treatment. Furthermore, DHA-PC inhibited the neovascularization ofthe chick chorioallantoic membrane in vivo. Mechanismresults indicated that DHA-PC enhances the expression ofperoxisome proliferator-activated receptor c (PPARc) attranscriptional and translational level, subsequently downregulatesthe VEGFR2 expression and VEGFR2-mediateddownstream Ras/ERK pathway, resulting in significantreduction in proliferation and differentiation. Additionally,PPARc-specific antagonist GW9662 partly reversed theinhibition effects of DHA-PC on tube formation and neovascularization,suggesting that DHA-PC exerts anti-angiogenesiseffect through activating PPARc. Thesefindings indicated that DHA-PC has a great prospect ofanti-tumor angiogenesis therapy.
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