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      • Influence of backbone modification of difluoroquinoxaline-based copolymers on the interchain packing, blend morphology and photovoltaic properties of nonfullerene organic solar cells

        Li, Yuxiang,Kim, Minseok,Wu, Ziang,Lee, Changyeon,Lee, Young Woong,Lee, Jin-Woo,Lee, Young Jun,Wang, Ergang,Kim, Bumjoon J.,Woo, Han Young The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019 Journal of Materials Chemistry C Vol.7 No.6

        <P>In order to understand the influence of molecular ordering and orientation on the performance of nonfullerene (NF) solar cells, we synthesized a series of difluoroquinoxaline-based alternating copolymers: starting from poly(2,2′-bithiophene-<I>alt</I>-(2,3-bis(3,4-bis(octyloxy)phenyl)-6,7-difluoroquinoxaline)) (PDFQx-2T), we modified the polymeric backbone by incorporating fluorine atoms (PDFQx-2T2F) or thiophene (PDFQx-3T) or a benzene ring (PDFQx-2TB) in the bithiophene comonomeric unit. The structure modification significantly affected the photovoltaic performance with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 3.95% for PDFQx-2TB:ITIC, 4.82% for PDFQx-2T:ITIC, 4.93% for PDFQx-2T2F:ITIC and 8.13% for PDFQx-3T:ITIC. The dramatic increase in the PCE of PDFQx-3T:ITIC was attributed to improvements in the short-circuit current density (<I>J</I>SC) and fill factor (FF). From the resonant soft X-ray scattering and grazing incidence X-ray scattering measurements, the PDFQx-3T polymers had well-developed, face-on oriented crystallites, allowing the formation of face-to-face alignment with the face-on ordered ITIC molecules at the interfaces. Also, the PDFQx-3T:ITIC blend films exhibited well intermixed blend morphology with smaller domain spacings. These combined features contributed to efficient charge generation with the highest exciton dissociation probability among the four different polymer:ITIC systems. In addition, dominant face-on orientation of both PDFQx-3T polymers and ITIC acceptors with a balanced crystalline coherence length ratio (CCLpolymer/CCLITIC) (0.87, based on the out-of-plane (010) diffraction peaks of PDFQx polymers and ITIC acceptors) led to a more balanced charge mobility than other blends, explaining the highest <I>J</I>SC and FF in the PDFQx-3T:ITIC NF devices.</P>

      • Fluorine-Substituted Dithienylbenzodiimide-Based n-Type Polymer Semiconductors for Organic Thin-Film Transistors

        Feng, Kui,Zhang, Xianhe,Wu, Ziang,Shi, Yongqiang,Su, Mengyao,Yang, Kun,Wang, Yang,Sun, Huiliang,Min, Jie,Zhang, Yujie,Cheng, Xing,Woo, Han Young,Guo, Xugang American Chemical Society 2019 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.11 No.39

        <P>Imide functionalization is one of the most effective approaches to develop electron-deficient building blocks for constructing n-type organic semiconductors. Driven by the attractive properties of imide-functionalized dithienylbenzodiimide (TBDI) and the promising device performance of TBDI-based polymers, a novel acceptor with increased electron affinity, fluorinated dithienylbenzodiimide (TFBDI), was designed with the hydrogen replaced by fluorine on the benzene core, and the synthetic challenges associated with this highly electron-deficient fluorinated imide building block are successfully overcome. TFBDI showed suppressed frontier molecular orbital energy levels as compared with TBDI. Copolymerizing this new electron-withdrawing TBDI with various donor co-units afforded a series of n-type polymer semiconductors TFBDI-T, TFBDI-Se, and TFBDI-BSe. All these TFBDI-based polymers exhibited a lower-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level than the polymer analogue without fluorine. When applied in organic thin-film transistors, three polymers showed unipolar electron transport with large on-current/off-current ratios (<I>I</I><SUB>on</SUB>/<I>I</I><SUB>off</SUB>) of 10<SUP>5</SUP>-10<SUP>7</SUP>. Among them, the selenophene-based polymer TFBDI-Se with the deepest-positioned LUMO and optimal chain stacking exhibited the highest electron mobility of 0.30 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>-1</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP>. This result demonstrates that the new TFBDI is a highly attractive electron-deficient unit for enabling n-type polymer semiconductors, and the fluorination of imide-functionalized arenes offers an effective approach to develop more electron-deficient building blocks in organic electronics.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

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        Tough antifouling organogels reinforced by the synergistic effect of oleophobic and dipole–dipole interactions

        Liangpeng Zeng,Hongyuan Cui,Yi Liu,Xinxing Lin,Ziang Wang,Hui Guo,Wei-Hua Li 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.114 No.-

        Slippery organogels have gained increasing interest as competitive candidates for antifouling applications. However, it remains challenging to develop tough organogels suitable for fouling resistance indynamic and flexible application scenarios. Herein, a kind of physically crosslinked organogels with acombination of desirable properties, including high toughness, transparency, surface slipperiness, andfouling resistance is developed. The representative pAL organogels, constructed by poly(acrylonitrileco-lauryl acrylate) (pAL) copolymer and infiltrated with n-hexadecane as a lubricating solvent, possesshigh tensile fracture stress, fracture strain, Young’s modulus, and toughness of 4.28 MPa, 517%,2.52 MPa, and 11.19 MJ m3. In the organogels, the polar cyano groups from the pAN segments serveas physical cross-linking points, where the synergistic effects played by oleophobic and dipole–dipoleinteractions significantly toughen the materials. Meanwhile, the soft oleophilic poly(lauryl acrylate)chains offer considerable solvent content, giving rise to satisfactory surface slipperiness. Therefore, theorganogels bring about a 57.16% and 81.50% reduction of protein and bacteria adhesion in comparisonto the control. The satisfactory antifouling performance has been further confirmed with Spirulina platensis. It is deemed that this organogel may provide great potential for various applications in the future suchas anti-adhesion materials and self-cleaning coating.

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