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OGLE-2016-BLG-1469L: Microlensing Binary Composed of Brown Dwarfs
Han, C.,Udalski, A.,Sumi, T.,Gould, A.,Albrow, M. D.,Chung, S.-J.,Jung, Y. K.,Ryu, Y.-H.,Shin, I.-G.,Yee, J. C.,Zhu, W.,Cha, S.-M.,Kim, S.-L.,Kim, D.-J.,Lee, C.-U.,Lee, Y.,Park, B.-G.,Soszyń,ski, American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical journal Vol.843 No.1
<P>We report the discovery of a binary composed of two brown dwarfs, based on the analysis of the microlensing event OGLE-2016-BLG-1469. Thanks to the detection of both finite-source and microlens-parallax effects, we are able to measure both the masses M-1 similar to 0.05M(circle dot) and. M-2 similar to 0.01M(circle dot), and the. distance D-L similar to 4.5 kpc, as well as the projected separation a(perpendicular to) similar to 0.33 au. This is the third brown-dwarf binary detected using the microlensing method, demonstrating the usefulness of microlensing in detecting field brown-dwarf binaries with separations of less than 1 au.</P>
OGLE-2015-BLG-1482L: The First Isolated Low-mass Microlens in the Galactic Bulge
Chung, S.-J.,Zhu, W.,Udalski, A.,Lee, C.-U.,Ryu, Y.-H.,Jung, Y. K.,Shin, I.-G.,Yee, J. C.,Hwang, K.-H.,Gould, A.,Albrow, M.,Cha, S.-M.,Han, C.,Kim, D.-J.,Kim, H.-W.,Kim, S.-L.,Kim, Y.-H.,Lee, Y.,Park, American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical Journal Vol.838 No.2
<P>We analyze the single microlensing event OGLE-2015-BLG-1482 simultaneously observed from two ground-based surveys and from Spitzer. The Spitzer data exhibit finite-source effects that are. due to the passage of the lens close to or directly over. the surface of the source star as seen from Spitzer. Such finite-source effects generally yield measurements of the angular Einstein radius, which when combined with the microlens parallax derived from a comparison between the ground-based and the Spitzer light curves. yields the lens mass and lens-source relative parallax. From this analysis, we find that the lens of OGLE-2015-BLG-1482 is a very low-mass star with a. mass 0.10 +/- 0.02 M-circle dot or a brown dwarf with a. mass 55 +/- 9MJ, which are. located at D-LS = 0.80 +/- 0.19 kpc and D-LS = 0.54 +/- 0.08 kpc, respectively,. where DLS is the distance between the lens and the source, and thus it is the first isolated low-mass microlens that has been decisively located in the Galactic bulge. The degeneracy between the two solutions is severe ( Delta chi(2) = 0.3). The fundamental reason for the degeneracy is that the finite-source effect is seen only in a single data point from Spitzer, and this single data point gives rise to two solutions for rho, the angular size of the source in units of the angular Einstein ring radius. Because the rho degeneracy can be resolved only by relatively high-cadence observations around the peak, while the Spitzer cadence is typically similar to 1 day(-1), we expect that events for which the finite-source effect is seen only in the Spitzer data may frequently exhibit this rho degeneracy. For OGLE-2015-BLG-1482, the relative proper motion of the lens and source for the low-mass star is mu(rel) = 9.0 +/- 1.9 mas yr(-1), while for the brown dwarf it is 5.5 +/- 0.5 mas yr(-1). Hence, the degeneracy can be resolved within similar to 10 years from direct-lens imaging by using next-generation instruments with high spatial resolution.</P>
OGLE-2017-BLG-0173Lb: Low-mass-ratio Planet in a “Hollywood” Microlensing Event
Hwang, K.-H.,Udalski, A.,Shvartzvald, Y.,Ryu, Y.-H.,Albrow, M. D.,Chung, S.-J.,Gould, A.,Han, C.,Jung, Y. K.,Shin, I.-G.,Yee, J. C.,Zhu, W.,Cha, S.-M.,Kim, D.-J.,Kim, H.-W.,Kim, S.-L.,Lee, C.-U.,Lee, American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astronomical journal Vol.155 No.1
<P>We present microlensing planet OGLE-2017-BLG-0173Lb, with planet-host mass ratio of either q similar or equal to 2.5 x 10(-5) or q similar or equal to 6.5 x 10(-5), the lowest or among the lowest ever detected. The planetary perturbation is strongly detected, Delta chi(2) similar to 10000, because it arises from a bright (therefore, large) source passing over and enveloping the planetary caustic: a so-called 'Hollywood' event. The factor similar to 2.5 offset in q arises because of a previously unrecognized discrete degeneracy between Hollywood events in which the caustic is fully enveloped and those in which only one flank is enveloped, which we dub 'Cannae' and 'von Schlieffen,' respectively. This degeneracy is 'accidental' in that it arises from gaps in the data. Nevertheless, the fact that it appears in a Delta chi(2) = 10000 planetary anomaly is striking. We present a simple formalism to estimate the sensitivity of other Hollywood events to planets and show that they can lead to detections close to, but perhaps not quite reaching, the Earth/Sun mass ratio of 3 x 10(-6). This formalism also enables an analytic understanding of the factor similar to 2.5 offset in q between the Cannae and von Schlieffen solutions. The Bayesian estimates for the host mass, system distance, and planet-host projected separation are M = 0.39(-0.24)(+0.40) M circle dot, D-L = 4.8(-1.8)(+1.5) kpc, and a(perpendicular to) = 3.8 +/- 1.6 au, respectively. The two estimates of the planet mass are m(p) = 3.3(2.1)(+3.8) M circle plus and m(p) = 8(6)(+11) M circle plus. The measured lens-source relative proper motion mu = 6 mas yr(-1) will permit imaging of the lens in about 15 years or at first light on adaptive-optics imagers on next-generation telescopes. These will allow one to measure the host mass but probably will not be able to resolve the planet-host mass-ratio degeneracy.</P>
Zhu, L.,Chung, J.d.,Oh, W.C. Elsevier Science 2015 Ultrasonics sonochemistry Vol.27 No.-
Nanostructured PbSe-graphene-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> composites have been successfully synthesized via a facile ethylene glycol assisted-sonochemical synthesis approach in an aqueous solution. The as-prepared PbSe-graphene-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> composites possessed enhanced decolorization of rhodamine B (Rh.B) and industrial dyes such as Texbrite BA-L (TBA), extended light absorption range, and efficient charge separation properties simultaneously. And the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected through the oxidation reaction from 1,5-diphenyl carbazide (DPCI) to 1,5-diphenyl carbazone (DPCO). The sono-catalytic reaction mechanism was investigated by analyzing the date obtained. The coated PbSe and TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles with small and good dispersion station could be related to the sonochemical assisted synthesis route, it is wished that this paper might offer some important subjects for broadening the applications of sonocatalytic technologies.
Porcine satellite cells are restricted to a phenotype resembling their muscle origin
Zhu, H.,Park, S.,Scheffler, J. M.,Kuang, S.,Grant, A. L.,Gerrard, D. E. American Society of Animal Science 2013 Journal of animal science Vol.91 No.10
<P>Muscles in most domestic animals differ in function and growth potential based largely on muscle fiber type composition. Though much is known about satellite cells (SC), information is limited regarding how populations of SC differ with muscle fiber type, especially in pigs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to isolate and culture SC from red (RST) and white (WST) portions of the semitendinosus muscle of neonatal and adult pigs and determine their capacity to proliferate, differentiate, and express various myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms in vitro. Porcine satellite cells were isolated from RST and WST muscles of 6-wk-old and adult (>6-mo-old) pigs and cultured under standard conditions. Muscle from neonatal pigs yielded nearly 10 times more (<I>P</I> < 0.001) presumptive satellite cells as those from adult pigs, with fusion percentages close to 60% for the former. The RST yielded more (<I>P</I> < 0.001) SC per gram muscle compared to WST, 8.1 ± 0.2 × 10<SUP>4</SUP> cells versus 6.7 ± 0.1 × 10<SUP>4</SUP> cells/gram muscle in young pigs, and 9.7 ± 0.4 × 10<SUP>3</SUP> cells versus 5.5 ± 0.4 × 10<SUP>3</SUP> cells/gram muscle in adult pigs, respectively. Likewise, satellite cells from RST proliferated faster (<I>P</I> < 0.001) than those from WST across both ages, as indicated by a shorter cell doubling time, 18.6 ± 0.8 h versus 21.3 ± 0.9 h in young pigs, and 23.2 ± 0.7 h versus 26.7 ± 0.9 h in adult pigs, respectively. As a result of shorter times to confluence, satellite cells from RST also formed myotubes earlier than those SC originating from WST. Once induced, however, SC from WST differentiated and fused faster (<I>P</I> < 0.05) as evidenced by fusion percentage within the first 24 h, 41.6% versus 34.3%, respectively; but reached similar ultimate fusion percentages similar to WST by 48 h. Over 90% of MyHC expressed in maximally fused SC cultures from both RST and WST was restricted to the embryonic isoform. Type IIX MyHC mRNA was not detected in any culture. Myotube cultures from RST expressed more (<I>P</I> < 0.01) Type I MyHC isoform mRNA than those from WST, whereas those cultures from WST expressed more (<I>P</I> < 0.05) Type II (including Types IIA and IIB) MyHC transcripts. These data show SC cultures from porcine fast and slow muscles express MyHC profiles largely reflective of their muscle of origin and suggest satellite cells are partially restricted to a particular muscle phenotype in which they are juxtapositioned. Understanding the molecular nature of these intrinsic control mechanisms may lead to improved strategies for augmenting meat animal growth or muscle regeneration.</P>
Measurement of aerodynamic coefficients of tower components of Tsing Ma Bridge under yaw winds
Zhu, L.D.,Xu, Y.L.,Zhang, F.,Xiang, H.F. Techno-Press 2003 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.6 No.1
Tsing Ma Bridge in Hong Kong is the longest suspension bridge in the world carrying both highway and railway. It has two H-shape concrete towers, each of which is composed of two reinforced concrete legs and four deep transverse prestressed concrete beams. A series of wind tunnel tests have been performed to measure the aerodynamic coefficients of the tower legs and transverse beams in various arrangements. A 1:100 scaled 3D rigid model of the full bridge tower assembled from various tower components has been constructed for different test cases. The aerodynamic coefficients of the lower and upper segments of the windward and leeward tower legs and those of the transverse beams at different levels, with and without the dummy bridge deck model, were measured as a function of yaw wind angle. The effects of wind interference among the tower components and the influence of the bridge deck on the tower aerodynamic coefficients were also investigated. The results achieved can be used as the pertinent data for the comparison of the computed and field-measured fully coupled buffeting responses of the entire bridge under yaw winds.
OGLE-2015-BLG-1459L: The Challenges of Exo-moon Microlensing
Hwang, K.-H.,Udalski, A.,Bond, I. A.,Albrow, M. D.,Chung, S.-J.,Gould, A.,Han, C.,Jung, Y. K.,Ryu, Y.-H.,Shin, I.-G.,Yee, J. C.,Zhu, W.,Cha, S.-M.,Kim, D.-J.,Kim, H.-W.,Kim, S.-L.,Lee, C.-U.,Lee, D.-J American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astronomical journal Vol.155 No.6